Table 2 Population-based volume kinetic parameter estimates, inter-individual variability, and median parameter values (2.5–97.5%) of the non-parametric bootstrap replicates of the final models for Ringer’s lactate solution, 5% dextrose water, 6% tetrastarch, and 10% pentastarch.

From: Population-based volume kinetics of crystalloids and colloids in healthy volunteers

 

Ringer’s lactate solution

5% dextrose water

6% tetrastarch

10% pentastarch

Estimates (RSE, %CV)

Median (2.5–97.5%)

Estimates (RSE, %CV)

Median (2.5–97.5)

Estimates (RSE, %CV)

Median (2.5–97.5%)

Estimates (RSE, %CV)

Median (2.5–97.5%)

kr (L/min)

0.081 (22.5, 23.9)

0.078 (0.051–0.105)

0.425 (10.7, 32.7)

0.403 (0.268–0.511)

0.098 (13.1, 42.9)

0.097 (0.083–0.113)

0.038 (10.0, 30.5)

0.038 (0.033–0.043)

Vc0 (L)

4.9 (20.4, 22.6)

4.9 (2.9–6.1)

4.7 (15.4, 70.9)

3.7 (0.8–9.1)

16.3 (8.3, 29.3)

16.0 (14.3–17.7)

11.3 (6.8, 24.1)

11.2 (10.2–12.3)

Vt0 (L)

θ1 + θ2(ECW/16) 13.8 + 16.8(ECW/16) (θ1: 41.4, 27.9) (θ2: 29.3, 27.9)

θ1: 13.5 (4.2–42.9) θ2: 17.2 (0.01–25.9)

5.4 (14.0, –)

5.6 (3.9–8.2)

kt (L/min)

0.617 (3.9, –)

0.613 (0.554–0.653)

0.568 (31.3, –)

0.567 (0.161–0.960)

σ

0.0013

0.0013 (0.0011–0.0016)

0.0014

0.0014 (0.0012–0.0017)

0.0020

0.0021 (0.0017–0.0028)

0.0015

0.0015 (0.0012–0.0020)

  1. A log-normal distribution of inter-individual random variability was assumed. Residual random variability was modeled using an additive error model. Non-parametric bootstrap analysis was repeated 2000 times. RSE, relative standard error = SE/estimate × 100 (%). ECW: extracellular water measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy, kr: elimination clearance, Vc0: central volume of distribution at baseline, Vt0: peripheral volume of distribution at baseline, kt: distributional clearance between central and peripheral compartments.