Table 5 Health gains (QALYs) and net health system cost impacts for 60–64-year-old men (Māori and non-Māori) from the offer of five-years of double therapy involving a statin and an anti-hypertensive, 3% discount rate, and a lifetime horizon*.

From: Preventive Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disease: A Modelling Study Considering Health Gain, Costs, and Cost-Effectiveness when Stratifying by Absolute Risk

Five-year cumulative absolute risk strata

Total QALYs gained (non-Māori)

QALYs gained per 1000 people (non-Māori)

Total QALYs gained (Māori)

QALYs gained per 1000 people (Māori)

Total QALYs gained (ethnic groupings combined)

Net costs in NZ$ million (ethnic groupings combined)

ICER (NZ$ per QALY gained)**

>20%

16.7

(13.0 to 20.5)

289

(225 to 355)

10.2

(7.70 to 12.7)

243

(183 to 302)

26.9

(20.8 to 33.0)

$0.04

($−0.02 to $0.1)

1580

(Dominant to $3990)

>15, ≤20%

55.4

(43.9 to 67.9)

203

(160 to 248)

28.7

(22.3 to 35.4)

177

(138 to 218)

84.0

(66.3 to 103)

$0.16

($−0.09 to $0.39)

1930

(Dominant to $4960)

>10, ≤15%

263

(205 to 319)

135

(106 to 164)

91.7

(70.0 to 112)

124

(94.7 to 152)

354

(276 to 430)

$1.18

($−1.5 to $2.55)

$3430

(Dominant to $7860)

>5, ≤10%

1410

(1110 to 1720)

70.0

(54.9 to 85.3)

179

(139 to 220)

71.6

(55.7 to 87.9)

1590

(1250 to 1940)

$14.8

($4.8 to $25.3)

$9510

($2740 to $18,000)

>0, ≤5%

1330

(1060 to 1610)

35.5

(28.3 to 43.1)

32.3

(25.6 to 39.2)

38.6

(30.6 to 46.9)

1360

(1090 to 1650)

$34.1

($18.5 to $51.4

$25,500

($12,300 to $41,500)

  1. *For those starting with no past CVD events and no past CVD medication; using 92% screened, 77% uptake and an overall 22.5% decline in adherence over time; life-time QALYs and life-time costs but for a 5-year treatment period only, 3% discount rate, with 95% uncertainty intervals.
  2. **In this context, a “Dominant” ICER means that the intervention leads to a population health gain at a net cost-saving to society, in comparison with no treatment.