Table 3 Catalyst recyclinga.

From: Combined Ultrasound/Microwave Chemocatalytic Method for Selective Conversion of Cellulose into Lactic Acid

Run

Erbium content (wt%)b

Conversionc

Yieldd (%)

Selectivity

Lactic acid

5-HMF

Furfural

Levulinic acid

1

13,4

90

74

14

0,6

n.d.e

84

2

9,1

84

52

13

0,5

n.d.e

79

3

0,5

70

31

13

0,3

n.d.e

70

  1. aAll reactions were performed with 0,300 g of fructose, 0,090 g of catalyst and 30 mL of MilliQ water. Reaction time of 10 minutes, temperature of 200 °C and pressure of 200 psi for all runs. bData obtained from ICP-MS analysis. cConversion calculated by HPLC-RI analysis. dYield of products calculated from the analysis of crude reaction with HPLC-UV. eThe concentration of the product from HPLC analysis led to yield lower than 0,5%.
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