Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics according to baseline glycemic levels.

From: Association of pre- and post-stroke glycemic status with clinical outcome in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

 

HbA1c, % (n = 730)

RBG, mmol/L (n = 1651)

FBG, mmol/L (n = 1082)

<6.0 (n = 500)

6.0–7.9 (n = 168)

≥8.0 (n = 62)

P value

<7.0 (n = 720)

7.0–10.0 (n = 593)

≥10.0 (n = 338)

P value

<6.0 (n = 567)

6.0–7.9 (n = 307)

≥8.0 (n = 208)

P value

Age, mean ± SD

57 ± 13

62 ± 13

61 ± 11

<0.001

57 ± 14

58 ± 13

59 ± 13

0.178

57 ± 13

61 ± 13

60 ± 13

<0.001

Male, n (%)

361 (72%)

116 (69%)

42 (68%)

0.613

531(74%)

384(65%)

205(61%)

<0.001

409 (72%)

210 (68%)

129 (62%)

0.025

BMI, mean ± SD

25.5 ± 4.2

25.7 ± 3.4

25.8 ± 3.5

0.867

25.4 ± 4.3

25.4 ± 4.1

26.0 ± 4.2

0.135

25.5 ± 4.0

25.8 ± 3.7

25.6 ± 3.4

0.740

Systolic BP (mm Hg), mean ± SD

166 ± 26

164 ± 26

162 ± 20

0.572

165 ± 26

170 ± 30

178 ± 33

<0.001

163 ± 26

172 ± 29

177 ± 29

<0.001

Diastolic BP (mm Hg), mean ± SD

97 ± 17

94 ± 16

94 ± 15

0.142

96 ± 18

98 ± 18

99 ± 19

0.199

96 ± 17

99 ± 18

100 ± 19

0.020

Prior ischemic stroke, n (%)

63 (13%)

39 (23%)

11 (18%)

0.004

94 (13%)

91 (15%)

56 (17%)

0.260

72 (13%)

48 (16%)

36 (17%)

0.209

Coronary heart disease, n (%)

6 (1%)

6 (4%)

2 (3%)

0.112

8 (1%)

12 (2%)

11 (3%)

0.054

5 (1%)

9 (3%)

5 (2%)

0.065

History of hypertension, n (%)

362 (72%)

135 (80%)

48 (77%)

0.106

505 (70%)

435 (74%)

265 (79%)

0.014

402 (71%)

240 (78%)

156 (75%)

0.059

History of diabetes mellitus, n (%)

15 (3%)

69 (41%)

48 (77%)

<0.001

30 (4%)

69 (12%)

145 (43%)

<0.001

24 (4%)

42 (14%)

93 (45%)

<0.001

History of dyslipidemia, n (%)

37 (7%)

33 (20%)

13 (21%)

<0.001

58 (8%)

51 (9%)

50 (15%)

0.001

53 (9%)

23 (8%)

26 (13%)

0.161

Use of anticoagulation, n (%)

4 (1%)

3 (2%)

2 (3%)

0.175

4 (1%)

5 (1%)

4 (1%)

0.480

3 (1%)

5 (2%)

6 (3%)

0.028

Use of antiplatelet agent, n (%)

60 (13%)

42 (28%)

14 (26%)

<0.001

94 (14%)

88 (17%)

65 (23%)

0.006

76 (14%)

55 (19%)

32 (17%)

0.187

Current smoking, n (%)

196 (40%)

44 (27%)

22 (36%)

0.004

267 (39%)

178 (32%)

91 (31%)

0.034

205 (37%)

103 (34%)

65 (33%)

0.202

Current drinking, n (%)

221 (46%)

72 (44%)

19 (31%)

0.104

276 (41%)

239 (44%)

109 (37%)

0.193

231 (42%)

103 (35%)

67 (34%)

0.063

GCS score, median (IQR)

14 (12–15)

15 (12–15)

14 (11–15)

0.437

14 (12–15)

13 (7–15)

9 (5–14)

<0.001

14 (13–15)

14 (9–15)

11 (6–15)

<0.001

NIHSS score, median (IQR)

9 (3–14)

7.5 (2–15)

4.5 (2–13)

0.137

9 (3–15)

13 (5–22)

19 (8–29)

<0.001

8 (2–13)

12 (5–19)

16 (6–25)

<0.001

Location of hematoma, n (%)

   

0.494

   

0.001

   

0.121

   Supratentorial lobe

109 (23%)

29 (18%)

15 (26%)

 

137 (22%)

129 (27%)

70 (27%)

 

110 (20%)

73 (25%)

38 (20%)

 

   Supratentorial deep location

317 (68%)

116 (73%)

36 (62%)

 

434 (69%)

292 (61%)

151 (57%)

 

387 (72%)

187 (65%)

133 (69%)

 

   Infratentorial

39 (8%)

15 (9%)

7 (12%)

 

54 (9%)

60 (13%)

43 (16%)

 

41 (8%)

30 (10%)

23 (12%)

 

Hematoma volume, median (IQR)

15 (6–28)

9 (4–17)

9 (4–20)

<0.001

12 (6–25)

20 (8–41)

20 (6–50)

<0.001

11 (6–25)

19 (8–36)

20 (8–48)

<0.001

IVH extension, n (%)

149 (32%)

47 (31%)

21 (35%)

0.877

163 (26%)

217 (45%)

161 (59%)

<0.001

132 (25%)

128 (43%)

101 (52%)

<0.001

Hematoma expansion, n/N (%)

42/105 (40%)

10/25 (40%)

3/11 (27%)

0.708

44/114 (39%)

36/87 (41%)

10/37 (27%)

0.312

37/98 (38%)

17/44 (39%)

9/22 (41%)

0.962

Surgical treatment, n (%)

80 (16%)

17 (10%)

5 (8%)

0.061

81 (11%)

136 (23%)

77 (23%)

<0.001

56 (10%)

86 (28%)

79 (38%)

<0.001

Non-neurological complications, n (%)

170 (34%)

65 (39%)

16 (26%)

0.179

204 (28%)

263 (44%)

147 (44%)

<0.001

150 (27%)

139 (45%)

106 (51%)

<0.001

Pre-stroke anti-hyperglycemic therapy, n (%)

8 (2%)

45 (28%)

37 (62%)

<0.001

19 (3%)

37 (7%)

89 (30%)

<0.001

14 (3%)

27 (9%)

58 (29%)

<0.001

Post-stroke anti-hyperglycemic therapy, n (%)

29 (6%)

83 (49%)

58 (94%)

<0.001

40 (6%)

78 (13%)

151 (46%)

<0.001

34 (6%)

53 (17%)

118 (57%)

<0.001

  1. HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; RBG: random blood glucose; FBG: fasting blood glucose; BMI: body mass index; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
  2. Hematoma expansion was defined as an absolute increase in ICH volume greater than 6 ml or an increase of greater than 33% from baseline ICH volume.
  3. The total number of patients in the row of hematoma expansion was denoted by N.
  4. Surgical treatment included external ventricular drainage, microinvasive hematoma removal, craniotomy evacuation of hematoma and decompressive craniectomy.
  5. Non-neurological complications included associated heart disease, infections, gastrointestinal bleeding and deep venous thrombosis.
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