Figure 3

Identification of permissible printing conditions via photorheology. (a) Left: Percent of maximum G′ as a function of variable capillary lengths and Right: representative images of overlaying filaments, with I₁ = 10 mW/cm², Q = 0.8 mL/h and variable capillary lengths (L = 15, 30, 60 mm). (b) Left: Percent of maximum G′ as a function of variable flow rates and Right: representative images of overlaying filaments, with L = 60 mm, I₁ = 10 mW/cm² and variable flow rates (Q = 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 mL/h). (c) Left: Percent of maximum G′ as a function of capillary residence time across variable light intensities (dashed line indicates the fixed residence time of 135 seconds) and Right: representative images of overlaying filaments, with L = 60 mm, Q = 0.8 mL/h and variable light intensities (I₁ = 5, 10, 15 mW/cm²). Scale bar = 1 mm. Note: the same representative image was used for the printing parameters used subsequently in this study (L = 60 mm, Q = 0.8 mL/h, I₁ = 10 mW/cm²).