Table 5 Literature review: Radiosurgical results of brainstem CCMs ( >40 cases, follow-up duration > 36 m).
From: Gamma Knife radiosurgery for cerebral cavernous malformation
Study, year | Case no. | Margin dose | Annual hemorrhage rate (%) | Morbidity (%, radiosurgery-related, ARE) | Mortality (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-GKS | Post-GKS | FU (m) | |||||
Kida et al., 2009 | 63 | 13.4 | — | 9.5 (<1 yr) → 4.7 (1–2 yr) | 55 | 3.2% | — |
Monaco et al., 2010 | 68 | 15.8 | 32.4 | 8.2 (<2 yr) → 1.4 (>2 yr) | 62 | 11.8% | 0% |
Nagy et al., 2010 | 79 | 12.0 | 30.0 | HR:15(<2 yr) → 2.4 (>2 yr) LR: 5.1(<2 yr) → 1.3 (>2 yr) | 48 | 7.3% | 0% |
Lee et al., 2012 | 49 | 11.0 | 31.3 | 4.3 (<2 yr) → 3.6 (>2 yr) | 41 | 4.1% | 0% |
Lee et al., 2014 | 49 | 12.0 | 38.4 | 8.3 (<2 yr) → 1.8 (>2 yr) | 64 | 0% | 0% |
Liu et al., 2016 | 43 | 11.9 | 25.0 | 3.9 (<2 yr) → 1.9 (>2 yr) | 36 | 2.3% | 0% |
Lopez et al., 2017 | 95 | 11.9 | 3.06 | 1.4 (<3 yr) → 0.2 (>3 yr) | 78 | 7.4% | 0% |
Kefeli et al., 2018 | 81 | 12.0 | 8.6 | 0.87 | 50 | 4.0% | 0% |
Park et al., 2018 | 45 | 13.0 | 40.1 | 3.3 (<2 yr) → 1.48 (<5 y) | 112 | 2.2% | 0% |
Present study | 111 | 12.0 | 31.3 | 3.8 (<2 yr) → 3.1 (>2 yr) | 57 | 5.0% | 0% |
