Figure 6
From: Wind Power Persistence Characterized by Superstatistics
European wind power generation persistence statistics are heavy-tailed. European maps are shown with wind power generation data aggregated per country, based on the renewables.ninja data65. An output is classified as high in panels (a and c) if it is above the 75th quantile and as low in panels (b and d) if it is below the 25th quantile. Panels (a and b) give the kurtosis of the power persistence statistics. In addition, the q-parameter is computed based on Eq. (3) and displayed in panels (c and d). A high kurtosis consequently implies large q-values. Dark colors indicate a high kurtosis or q-value respectively. Note that \(q=1.2\) is the maximum q-value, while we only plot the kurtosis up to 24. Heavy tails and high q-parameters are especially prevalent for low power output and around the Mediterranean. This analysis used aggregated data of off- and onshore wind generation per country. Distinguishing does not change the heavy tails significantly, see Supplementary Note 3. Maps were created using Wolfram Mathematica 11: https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/.
