Table 3 Obesity/overweight status by wealth quintile (referent: normal weight): a multinomial logistic regression analysis.

From: Application of single-level and multi-level modeling approach to examine geographic and socioeconomic variation in underweight, overweight and obesity in Nepal: findings from NDHS 2016

Variable

Overweight &/or obesity

Education

unadjusted

model 1

model 2

model 3

Poorest

ref

ref

ref

ref

2

1.67 (1.34–2.08)

1.74 (1.39–2.18)

1.73 (1.38–2.15)

1.74 (1.40–2.16)

3

2.44 (1.94–3.07)

2.54 (2.01–3.21)

2.41 (1.92–3.04)

2.58 (2.03–3.29)

4

3.72 (3.00–4.60)

4.11 (3.28–5.16)

3.82 (3.11–4.70)

4.09 (3.30–5.06)

Richest

6.36 (5.05–8.00)

7.00 (5.51–8.90)

6.66 (5.31–8.34)

7.22 (5.71–9.13)

p-trend*

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

Underweight

Poorest

ref

ref

ref

ref

2

0.94 (0.80–1.10)

0.94 (0.79–1.11)

0.96 (0.81–1.13)

0.82 (0.69–0.96)

3

0.91 (0.77–1.08)

0.93 (0.78–1.11)

0.99 (0.83–1.18)

0.69 (0.55–0.86)

4

0.81 (0.66–1.00)

0.83 (0.67–1.03)

0.91 (0.74–1.13)

0.61 (0.47–0.79)

Richest

0.68 (0.55–0.84)

0.69 (0.55–0.85)

0.79 (0.63–0.98)

0.50 (0.38–0.66)

p-trend*

0.0007

0.0019

0.0835

<0.0001

Model fitness

NA

NA

AIC = 25003.8,

SBIC = 25262.7

AIC = 24292.8, SBIC = 24673.4

  1. Model 1: Individual model adjusted for age and sex, Model 2: model 1 plus education, marital status, and rurality, model 3: model 2 plus ecological region and provinces.
  2. Abbreviation: AIC: akaike information criterion, NA: not applicable, SBIC: schwarz bayesian information criterion. *Wealth quintile with ordered exposure levels is entered as a linear predictor variable into the mode.
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