Table 1 Key metabolic enzymes or transporters whose transcriptional deregulation has been reported to alter the energetic metabolism.
Protein | Role in the energetic metabolism | Alterations reported in cancer contexts | References |
|---|---|---|---|
GLUT1 | Glucose transport through plasma membrane | Activation of isoforms 1 and 3 in mammalian tumor models. Its silencing, concomitant with LDH, reduces the tumor phenotype observed upon Notch activation in Drosophila imaginal discs | |
Pyruvate Kinase (PK) | Conversion of Phosphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate | Increase of a PKM2 isoform in several mammalian tumor models | |
Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (MPC) | Mitochondrial transporters of pyruvate | Inhibition of isoforms 1 and 2 in mammalian tumor models. Its silencing in Drosophila leads to larval lethality when development occurs in media lacking a carbon source other than sucrose | |
Monocarboxylate Transporter (MCT)/Silnoon and Chaski | Transporters of lactate and pyruvate in the plasma membrane | Heightened expression of isoform 4 in mammalian tumor models | |
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDHK) | Inhibition of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex | Increase in Isoform 1 in several mammalian tumor models | |
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)/Impl3 | Reduction of pyruvate and lactate synthesis | Increase in LDHA isoform in several mammalian tumor models Transformation from hyperplasia to neoplasia depends on LDH activity |
