Table 3 Characteristics of included patients and factors associated with ACLF at enrollment.

From: MicroRNA profiles in serum samples from Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure patients and miR-25-3p as a potential biomarker for survival prediction

 

All (n = 139)

no ACLF (n = 104)

ACLF (n = 35)

P-value

Age (years), mean ± SD

55.3 ± 11.2

55.4 ± 11.8

54.8 ± 9.59

0.783

Male Gender, n (%)

98 (70.5)

73 (70.2)

25 (71.4)

0.890

Etiology of cirrhosis, n (%)♦

Hepatitis C

52 (37.4)

34 (32.7)

18 (51.4)

0.048*

Hepatitis B

10 (7.2)

7 (6.7)

3 (8.6)

0.715

Alcohol

70 (50.4)

56 (53.8)

14 (40.0)

0.156

Complication at admission, n (%)

Ascites

69 (49.6)

40 (38.5)

29 (82.9)

<0.001***

Hepatic encephalopathy

63 (45.3)

37 (35.6)

26 (74.3)

<0.001***

Gastrointestinal bleeding

48 (34.5)

43 (41.3)

5 (14.3)

0.004**

Bacterial infection

69 (49.6)

48 (46.2)

21 (60)

0.156

Medications at admission, n (%)

Propranolol

51 (36.7)

42 (40.4)

9 (25.7)

0.119

Spironolactone

44 (31.7)

30 (28.8)

14 (40)

0.220

Furosemide

30 (21.6)

17 (16.3)

13 (37.1)

0.010*

Lactulose

29 (20.9)

18 (17.3)

11 (31.4)

0.075

Norfloxacin

16 (11.5)

8 (7.7)

8 (22.9)

0.015*

Omeprazole

49 (35.5)

39 (37.9)

10 (28.6)

0.321

Oral hypoglycemic••

19 (13.8)

17 (16.5)

2 (5.7)

0.109

Insulin

15 (11.0)

10 (9.9)

5 (14.3)

0.475

Child-Pugh Classification, n (%)

Child-Pugh A

11 (10.6)

11 (8.0)

0 (0.0)

0.065

Child-Pugh B

71 (51.4)

60 (57.7)

11 (32.4)

0.017*

Child-Pugh C

56 (40.6)

33 (31.7)

23 (67.6)

<0.001***

MELD score, mean ± SD

17.5 ± 6.9

14.8 ± 4.4

25.4 ± 7.2

<0.001***

Biochemical data

Creatinine (mg/dL), median

1.1

1.0

2.4

<0.001

Total leukocyte (mm3), median

6700.0

6540.0

8450.0

0.072

Total bilirubin (mg/dL), median

2.1

2.0

3.5

0.029*

Albumin (g/dL), mean ± SD

2.4 ± 0.6

2.4 ± 0.6

2.4 ± 0.6

0.893

INR, median

1.5

1.4

1.6

0.034*

Sodium (mEq/L), mean ± SD

134.9 ± 5.5

136.2 ± 5.0

131.5 ± 5.5

<0.001***

CRP (mg/L), median

19.6

18.0

26.4

0.029*

MAP (mmHg), mean ± SD

83.4 ± 16.9

85.4 ± 15.5

77.5 ± 20.0

0.020*

  1. ACLF. acute-on-chronic liver failure; SD. standard deviation; INR. international normalized ratio; CRP. C-reactive protein; MELD. model for end-stage liver disease; MAP. Mean Arterial Pressure. ♦Of the 52 patients with hepatitis C as etiology of cirrhosis 39 (75%) were male and 13 (25%) female; Of the 10 patients with hepatitis B as etiology of cirrhosis 8 (80%) were male and 2 (20%) female; Of the 70 patients with alcohol use as etiology of cirrhosis 65 (92.9%) were male and 5 (7.1%) female. ••Metformin, glibenclamide and glimepiride. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.
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