Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted associationsa between predictors at birth and total moderate-to-vigorous physical activityb in three birth cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil.

From: Prenatal and birth predictors of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in three population-based birth cohorts in Brazil

Variables

1982 Cohort (n = 2740)c

1993 Cohort (n = 3592)c

2004 Cohort (n = 2603)c

Unadjusted β (95% CI)

p

Adjusted β (95% CI)

p

Unadjusted β (95% CI)

p

Adjusted β (95% CI)

p

Unadjusted β (95% CI)

p

Adjusted β (95% CI)

p

Family income (No of minimum wages per month)

 

<0.001

 

0.005

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

  ≤1

14.98 (8.56; 21.41)

 

7.39 (0.60; 14.19)

 

17.93 (11.75; 25.10)

 

9.73 (3.36; 16.10)

 

10.56 (3.76; 17.37)

 

8.57 (1.55; 15.58)

 

  1.1–3.0

9.76 (3.63; 15.90)

 

4.41 (−1.93; 19.75)

 

14.26 (8.62; 19.90)

 

7.79 (2.05; 13.52)

 

6.51 (0.07; 12.94)

 

5.06 (−1.52; 11.63)

 

  3.1–6.0

6.05 (−0.46; 12.55)

 

2.65 (−3.70; 9.01)

 

7.93 (1.99; 13.87)

 

4.01 (−1.80; 9.83)

 

2.71 (−4.01; 9.44)

 

1.58 (−5.07; 8.22)

 

  6.1–10.0

2.80 (−5.03; 10.64)

 

0.61 (−6.85; 8.06)

 

3.20 (−3.95;10.34)

 

2.03 (−4.70; 8.76)

 

0.76 (−7.45; 8.97)

 

0.46 (−7.51; 8.42)

 

  >10

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Maternal education (year of schooling)

 

<0.001

 

0.001

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

 

0.152

 

0.205

  0

13.04 (7.30; 18.78)

 

9.14 (3.03; 15.24)

 

23.09 (13.57; 32.60)

 

16.59 (7.37; 25.81)

 

14.80 (−0.92; 30.51)

 

13.19 (−1.95; 28.32)

 

  1–4

10.09 (6.76; 13.42)

 

5.66 (1.81; 9.51)

 

12.73 (8.83; 16.62)

 

6.62 (2.45; 10.79)

 

4.24 (0.14; 7.13)

 

0.80 (−3.66; 5.26)

 

  5–8

7.11 (4.04; 10.18)

 

3.60 (0.24; 6.96)

 

10.08 (6.71; 13.45)

 

5.66 (2.18; 9.13)

 

5.27 (2.37; 8.17)

 

3.10 (0.04; 6.16)

 

  9+

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Sex

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

  Male

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

  Female

−13.59 (−15.89; −11.29)

 

−13.49 (−15.73; −11.26)

 

−29.07 (−31.67; −26.48)

 

−22.19 (−31.77; −26.61)

 

−21.84 (−24.37; −19.31)

 

−21.86 (−24.42; −19.29)

 

Pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2)

 

0.451

 

0.347

 

0.007

 

0.045

 

0.809

 

0.909

  <18.5

3.60 (−1.37; 8.58)

 

2.38 (−2.15; 6.91)

 

9.79 (4.79; 14.79)

 

5.81 (1.17; 10.44)

 

−6.03 (−13.80; 1.73)

 

−3.41 (−10.41; 3.59)

 

  18.5–24.9

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

  25–29.9

−1.94 (−5.38; 1.49)

 

−2.00 (−5.13; 1.14)

 

−0.31 (3.99; 3.37)

 

−0.09 (−3.53; 3.35)

 

−0.74 (−4.47; 2.98)

 

−0.63 (−4.16; 2.89)

 

  ≥30

3.28 (−2.82; 9.37)

 

1.80 (−3.82; 7.42)

 

−2.12 (8.64; 4.40)

 

−2.91 (−9.01; 3.19)

 

−2.27 (−7.23; 2.70)

 

−1.02 (−5.95; 3.91)

 

Birth order

 

0.009

 

0.246

 

<0.001

 

0.001

 

0.274

 

0.397

  1

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

  2 or 3

1.60 (−0.97; 4.17)

 

1.52 (−0.96; 4.00)

 

1.67 (−1.31; 4.66)

 

1.21 (−1.60; 4.02)

 

−0.20 (−3.09; 2.69)

 

0.40 (−2.45; 3.25)

 

  ≥4

4.73 (1.26; 8.21)

 

1.67 (−1.85; 5.18)

 

11.94 (7.73; 16.14)

 

7.73 (3.64; 11.81)

 

3.13 (−1.07; 7.32)

 

2.18 (−2.25; 6.61)

 

Gestational age (weeks)

 

0.135

 

0.240

 

0.058

 

0.661

 

0.095

 

0.464

  ≥37

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

  <37

4.42 (−1.38; 10.22)

 

3.38 (−2.27; 9.04)

 

4.35 (−0.15; 8.85)

 

1.04 (−3.62; 5.71)

 

3.37 (−0.59; 7.32)

 

1.65 (−2.77; 6.08)

 

Type of delivery

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

 

0.001

 

0.369

 

0.241

 

0.758

  Vaginal

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

  Cesarean

−6.42 (−9.08; −3.77)

 

−4.62 (−7.21; −2.02)

 

−4.87 (−7.85; −1.89)

 

−1.32 (−4.19; 1.56)

 

−1.60 (−4.28; 1.07)

 

−0.43 (−3.14; 12.29)

 

Birth weight (g)

 

0.430

 

0.634

 

0.024

 

<0.001

 

0.441

 

0.098

  <2500

2.31 (−2.57; 7.20)

 

1.22 (−3.84; 6.28)

 

7.52 (2.26; 12.78)

 

10.55 (4.98; 16.11)

 

3.11 (−2.10; 8.31)

 

5.05 (−0.91; 11.00)

 

  2500–3499

0.44 (−2.16; 3.05)

 

0.41 (−2.11; 2.92)

 

0.85 (−2.32; 4.02)

 

3.18 (0.16; 6.21)

 

−0.15 (−3.19; 2.88)

 

1.72 (−1.25; 4.69)

 

  ≥3500

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 
  1. aMutually adjusted for all variables in the table, using multiple imputations for handling missing data. bIn units minutes/day. cCohort mean age (SD) in years: 1982 cohort: 30.2 (0.2); 1993 cohort: 18.4 (0.3); 2004 cohort: 6.7 (0.3).
Back to article page