Figure 3

The annual spatio-temporal distribution of the PVI in China. The map was generated by the software ArcGIS 10.1. (a) mean of PVI(1961–2015). (b) gradient of PVI (slope)(1961–2015). (c) precipitation region with significant deviation (p < 0.1) of PVI(1961–2015). (d) Mann–Kendall trend analysis and simple linear regression of PVI(1961–2015). (e) precipitation region with significant deviation (p-value < 0.1) of PVI in spring. (f) precipitation region with significant deviation (p-value < 0.1) of PVI in summer. (g) precipitation region with significant deviation (p-value < 0.1) of PVI in autumn. (h) precipitation region with significant deviation (p-value < 0.1) of PVI in winter.