Table 2 Comparison of perioperative surgical outcomes.

From: Comparison of surgical outcomes between integrated robotic and conventional laparoscopic surgery for distal gastrectomy: a propensity score matching analysis

Variable

Entire cohort

Matched cohort

IRDG (n = 56)

CLDG (n = 152)

P

IRDG (n = 51)

CLDG (n = 51)

P

Duration of operation, min

157.8 ± 41.0

125.7 ± 32.6

<0.001

159.5 ± 40.6

131.7 ± 33.9

<0.001

Extent of lymphadenectomy

  

1.000

  

1.000

  D1+

56 (100)

152 (100)

 

51 (100)

51 (100)

 

Estimated blood loss, ml

32.4 ± 32.3

68.2 ± 91.8

<0.001

30.7 ± 28.2

73.3 ± 97.1

0.004

Retrieved lymph nodes, n

50.6 ± 19.2

44.6 ± 16.8

0.030

50.4 ± 19.1

41.9 ± 18.5

0.025

Time to first flatus, days

2.9 ± 0.5

2.9 ± 0.7

0.578

2.9 ± 0.4

2.9 ± 0.7

0.622

Length of hospital stay, days

5.0 ± 1.2

5.4 ± 1.9

0.170

5.1 ± 1.2

5.2 ± 0.9

0.781

CRP, mg/L

  POD #0

3.2 ± 9.7

1.5 ± 2.7

0.062

3.2 ± 10.1

1.2 ± 2.5

0.165

  POD #1

38.3 ± 23.0

30.1 ± 17.6

0.017

39.0 ± 21.6

27.2 ± 15.9

0.002

  POD #3

61.6 ± 38.6

73.4 ± 57.5

0.157

63.5 ± 37.7

65.0 ± 52.5

0.870

  POD #4 W

4.8 ± 12.1

5.6 ± 13.1

0.670

5.2 ± 12.6

4.0 ± 7.6

0.564

Serum Amylase, U/L

  POD #0

72.5 ± 34.2

67.0 ± 29.5

0.578

71.2 ± 31.7

68.6 ± 27.5

0.659

  POD #1

136.9 ± 180.5

136.8 ± 179.2

0.997

138.2 ± 183.7

138.7 ± 198.5

0.990

  POD #3

91.4 ± 65.2

86.7 ± 80.8

0.698

88.8 ± 60.0

86.7 ± 55.6

0.848

  POD #4 W

84.4 ± 30.8

82.4 ± 26.4

0.646

82.7 ± 30.2

84.1 ± 24.6

0.791

Serum Lipase, U/L

  POD #0

31.5 ± 11.5

30.6 ± 11.7

0.641

31.9 ± 11.8

29.4 ± 10.1

0.263

  POD #1

33.8 ± 47.0

36.4 ± 68.8

0.793

34.8 ± 49.1

28.1 ± 12.0

0.347

  POD #3

39.3 ± 28.0

36.8 ± 55.2

0.738

39.1 ± 28.6

37.9 ± 33.4

0.846

  POD #4 W

58.1 ± 35.7

53.7 ± 34.5

0.424

57.5 ± 35.8

56.6 ± 36.6

0.894

Amount of drainage, ml

  POD #0

83.0 ± 45.0

113.4 ± 67.0

0.002

87.3 ± 44.1

110.1 ± 67.0

0.045

  POD #1

98.0 ± 86.3

111.0 ± 124.0

0.472

104.3 ± 87.5

122.3 ± 158.2

0.478

  POD #2

97.5 ± 83.1

122.4 ± 140.5

0.214

94.8 ± 75.5

136.3 ± 173.1

0.119

  POD #3

87.8 ± 80.0

97.1 ± 107.2

0.555

88.4 ± 82.2

101.6 ± 124.0

0.531

Visual analog scale

  PACU

4.8 ± 1.5

4.5 ± 1.3

0.173

4.7 ± 1.4

4.4 ± 1.4

0.261

  1–3 hours

4.7 ± 1.5

4.6 ± 1.6

0.719

4.8 ± 1.6

5.0 ± 1.6

0.415

  3–6 hours

3.7 ± 1.4

3.6 ± 1.3

0.428

3.7 ± 1.3

3.5 ± 1.3

0.408

  6–12 hours

3.8 ± 1.4

3.7 ± 1.1

0.702

3.8 ± 1.4

3.7 ± 1.4

0.834

  12–24 hours

2.8 ± 1.0

2.7 ± 1.2

0.467

2.8 ± 1.1

2.6 ± 1.2

0.493

  24–48 hours

2.1 ± 0.9

1.9    ± 0.7

0.143

2.1 ± 0.9

1.9 ± 0.6

0.124

Readmission

1 (1.8)

15 (9.9)

0.075

1 (2.0)

8 (15.7)

0.031

In-hospital complication

  

0.387

  

0.467

  G1

19 (33.9)

54 (35.5)

 

18 (35.3)

16 (31.4)

 

  G2

6 (10.7)

23 (15.1)

 

4 (7.8)

8 (15.7)

 

  G3

0 (0)

3 (2.0)*

 

0 (0)

0 (0)

 

Out-patient complication

  

0.848

  

0.297

  G1

0 (0)

1 (0.7)

 

0 (0)

0 (0)

 

  G2

0 (0)

3 (2.0)

 

0 (0)

2 (3.9)

 

  G3

1 (1.8)†

5 (3.3)‡

 

1 (2.0)

2 (3.9)

 

  G4

0 (0)

1 (0.7)§

 

0 (0)

0 (0)

 
  1. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or as number (percent).
  2. IRDG, integrated robotic distal gastrectomy; CLDG, conventional laparoscopic distal gastrectomy; SD, standard deviation; POD, postoperative day; W, week; CRP, C-reactive protein; PACU, post anesthesia care unit.
  3. *Intra-abdominal fluid collection, afferent loop syndrome, omental infarction.
  4. †Internal herniation.
  5. ‡Intra-abdominal fluid collection in two patients, afferent loop syndrome, omental infarction, and internal herniation.
  6. §Duodenal stump leakage.
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