Table 1 Baseline Characteristics among the Four Groups.

From: The Difference in the Changes of Indoxyl Sulfate after Catheter Ablation among Atrial Fibrillation Patients with and without Kidney Dysfunction

Factor

non-CKD/low-IS n = 68

non-CKD/high-IS n = 28

CKD/low-IS n = 13

CKD/high-IS n = 29

p. value

Age (years)

62.56 ± 11.46

65.64 ± 10.86

68.15 ± 7.43

71.00 ± 7.19

0.003

Height (cm)

163.49 ± 20.57

166.04 ± 6.45

161.48 ± 9.27

161.95 ± 8.60

0.742

Weight (kg)

63.89 ± 13.14

65.15 ± 8.99

65.92 ± 17.66

60.88 ± 12.66

0.540

Male (%)

48 (70.6)

23 (82.1)

6 (46.2)

16 (55.2)

0.052

PAF (%)

48 (70.6)

19 (67.9)

6 (46.2)

20 (69.0)

0.389

AF duration (Mo)

36.51 ± 39.88

48.64 ± 42.43

36.23 ± 43.77

48.90 ± 62.24

0.502

CHADS2 score

0.96 ± 1.07

1.04 ± 0.74

1.15 ± 0.99

1.76 ± 1.18

0.006

HT (%)

27 (39.7)

18 (64.3)

10 (76.9)

18 (62.1)

0.017

CHF (%)

5 (7.4)

2 (7.1)

1 (7.7)

12 (41.4)

<0.001

DL (%)

24 (35.3)

9 (32.1)

7 (53.8)

9 (31.0)

0.512

DM (%)

9 (13.2)

1 (3.6)

0 (0.0)

5 (17.2)

0.192

Stroke (%)

6 (8.8)

1 (3.6)

1 (7.7)

4 (13.8)

0.595

ACE-I/ARB (%)

17 (25.0)

10 (35.7)

5 (38.5)

13 (44.8)

0.252

B blocker (%)

30 (44.1)

9 (32.1)

8 (61.5)

21 (72.4)

0.012

Diuretics (%)

5 (7.4)

2 (7.1)

0 (0.0)

13 (44.8)

<0.001

AADs (%)

50 (73.5)

22 (78.6)

11 (84.6)

22 (75.9)

0.835

Cr (mg/dl)

0.74 ± 0.14

0.77 ± 0.12

0.93 ± 0.15

1.05 ± 0.22

<0.001

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

78.06 ± 13.31

75.58 ± 11.94

53.79 ± 4.17

48.53 ± 5.54

<0.001

IS (μg/ml)

0.6 ± 0.3

1.7 ± 0.7

0.6 ± 0.3

1.9 ± 0.9

<0.001

BNP (pg/dl)

58.51 ± 66.73

82.21 ± 102.87

93.32 ± 92.96

127.76 ± 99.58

0.004

EF (%)

67.53 ± 7.89

68.36 ± 12.29

65.35 ± 11.18

63.87 ± 13.12

0.325

LVDd (mm)

48.47 ± 5.84

51.22 ± 5.37

49.55 ± 3.81

49.49 ± 7.27

0.234

LVDs (mm)

30.06 ± 4.88

31.08 ± 6.03

31.33 ± 4.17

31.72 ± 7.85

0.579

LAD (mm)

36.84 ± 6.96

38.27 ± 6.77

38.82 ± 7.90

41.21 ± 6.66

0.048

Total Procedure time (min)

172.78 ± 33.15

161.04 ± 34.68

157.00 ± 24.79

166.00 ± 32.16

0.267

Contrast agent (ml)

24.43 ± 3.72

45.70 ± 100.98

26.27 ± 4.15

22.61 ± 6.01

0.200

Non-PV triggers (%)

26 (38.2)

4 (14.3)

5 (38.5)

11 (37.9)

0.125

Post_ACE-I/ARB (%)

14 (20.6)

10 (35.7)

5 (38.5)

12 (41.4)

0.135

Post_B blocker (%)

25 (36.8)

7 (25.0)

6 (46.2)

19 (65.5)

0.013

Post_Diuretics (%)

3 (4.4)

2 (7.1)

0 (0.0)

11 (37.9)

<0.001

Post_AADs (%)

15 (22.1)

7 (25.0)

5 (38.5)

7 (24.1)

0.662

  1. PAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; HT, hypertension; CHF, congestive heart failure; DL, dyslipidemia; DM, diabetes mellitus; ACE-I/ARB, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; AADs, anti-arrhythmia drugs; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IS, indoxyl sulfate; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; EF, ejection fraction; LVDd/Ds, left ventricular diameter (diastolic/systolic); LAD, left atrial diameter; PV, pulmonary vein; Data are expressed as the mean ± SD or number (%).
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