Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants classified by obesity status.

Age (years)

54 (48–60)

54 (48–61)

54 (48–60)

0.051

Sex (male)

4309 (59.4)

2070 (72.9)

2239 (50.7)

<0.001

Hypertension (yes)

1462 (20.1)

812 (28.6)

650 (14.7)

<0.001

Diabetes (yes)

402 (5.5)

180 (6.3)

222 (5.0)

0.018

Dyslipidaemia (yes)

586 (8.1)

276 (9.7)

310 (7.0)

<0.001

Current smoker (yes)

1026 (19.8)

453 (21.7)

573 (18.5)

0.005

Alcohol status (yes)

3143 (43.3)

1376 (66.0)

1769 (56.8)

<0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

24.1 (22.0–26.3)

27.0 (25.9–28.8)

22.5 (20.9–23.8)

<0.001

SBP (mmHg)

125 (114–135)

130 (120–139)

121 (111–132)

<0.001

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

97 (90–106)

100 (93–111)

95 (88–103)

<0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

95 (84–103)

94 (82–102)

96 (85–104)

<0.001

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

128 (106–153)

131 (108–158)

126 (104–149)

<0.001

CRP (mg/L)

0.7 (0.3–1.5)

1.0 (0.5–2.0)

0.5 (0.3–1.1)

<0.001

AST (IU/L)

24 (20–30)

26 (21–33)

23 (19–29)

<0.001

ALT (IU/L)

23 (16–32)

28 (20–40)

20 (15–28)

<0.001

γ-GT (IU/L)

24 (16–39)

31 (21–50)

20 (14–31)

<0.001

NAFLD (yes)

3328 (45.8)

1974 (69.5)

1354 (30.6)

<0.001

No steatosis

3931 (54.2)

864 (22.0)

3066 (78.0)

Mild steatosis

1604 (22.1)

771 (48.1)

833 (51.9)

Mild to moderate steatosis

284 (3.9)

164 (57.7)

120 (42.3)

Moderate steatosis

1054 (14.5)

720 (68.3)

334 (31.7)

Moderate to severe steatosis

171 (2.4)

131 (76.6)

40 (23.4)

Severe steatosis

215 (2.9)

188 (87.4)

27 (12.6)

Abdominal obesity (yes)

4698 (64.6)

2648 (93.3)

2050 (46.4)

<0.001

CAC (yes)

2231 (30.7)

1087 (38.3)

1144 (25.9)

<0.001