Figure 2
From: Hepatic ILC2 activity is regulated by liver inflammation-induced cytokines and effector CD4+ T cells
Regulation of hepatic ILC2 function by liver inflammation-induced cytokines. (a) C57BL/6 mice received ConA and were analysed 24 hours later. Plasma ALT activity was determined and (b) liver samples were stained with H&E to visualize necrotic areas (dotted line). Bars represent 100 µm. (c) Relative amount of IL-33 produced during ex vivo overnight liver organ cultures was determined by ELISA. Plasma IFNγ levels were determined by ELISA. (d) FACS-isolated hepatic ILC2 from IL-33-treated mice were cultured in the presence of IL-33 and/or IFNγ for four days. ILC2 were counted and expansion was calculated in comparison to the input. (e) ILC2 were stained for KLRG1 and CD25 and analysed by flow cytometry. (f) ILC2 were intracellularly stained for IL-5, IL-13, and IL-6 and analysed by flow cytometry. (g) Cytokine levels were determined in culture supernatants by multiplex assay. Histograms show frequency of cytokine-expressing hepatic ILC2. Bold line, antibody staining; filled graph, fluorescence minus one control. Mean ± SEM of 4 independent experiments are shown. (a) Mann-Whitney U test; (d–g) one-way ANOVA with post analysis by Tukey-Kramer test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ****p < 0.0001; ns: not significant; nd: not detectable; ALT: alanine transferase; ConA: Concanavalin A; w/o: without; GMFI: geometric mean fluorescence intensity.
