Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to quartiles of serum GGT activity in men and women.

From: Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and Parkinson’s disease risk in men and women

GGT

(n)

Male

Female

Q1

(n = 701,522)

Q2

(n = 719,273)

Q3

(n = 734,048)

Q4

(n = 720,444)

p-value

Q1

(n = 848,532)

Q2

(n = 744,609)

Q3

(n = 847,154)

Q4

(n = 782,823)

p-value

GGT, IU/L

17.38

27.05

40.51

90.44

<0.0001

11.78

16.39

21.78

41.86

<0.0001

Age, yr

55.6 ± 11.4

54.6 ± 10.5

53.6 ± 10.0

52.5 ± 9.4

<0.0001

52.8 ± 10.7

54.5 ± 10.8

55.9 ± 10.7

56.6 ± 10.2

<0.0001

BMI, kg/m2

22.9 ± 2.6

23.9 ± 2.7

24.6 ± 2.8

25.0 ± 2.9

<0.0001

22.8 ± 2.7

23.4 ± 2.9

24.1 ± 3.1

24.9 ± 3.4

<0.0001

aLow income

22.4

22.2

22.3

23.3

<0.0001

32.1

31.6

31.2

31.3

<0.0001

Current smoker

29.7

34.3

38.7

45.2

<0.0001

1.7

2.2

2.8

4.3

<0.0001

bMild-moderate drinking

43.7

54.1

63.5

75.1

<0.0001

15.9

17.5

18.6

21.5

<0.0001

cExercise

55.9

57.3

57.3

56.7

<0.0001

44.2

43.2

42.2

40.6

<0.0001

DM

9.7

11.5

14.2

18.6

<0.0001

4.5

6.5

10.2

16.5

<0.0001

HTN

27.3

32.4

37.3

43.3

<0.0001

20.6

27.5

35.1

43.0

<0.0001

DL

12.2

18.1

23.5

28.9

<0.0001

14.0

21.0

28.5

37.1

<0.0001

CKD

6.4

6.5

6.5

5.8

<0.0001

7.0

8.3

9.7

10.7

<0.0001

MetS

17.5

26.9

36.4

47.1

<0.0001

18.5

27.8

39.2

52.1

<0.0001

  1. Data are described as percentage of the individual groups, mean ± standard deviation (age, BMI), or geometric mean (GGT).
  2. alow income defined as the lower quartile of income, bmild to moderate drinking defined as alcohol consumption <30 g/day, cexercise done for at least 20 minutes ≥1 time/week.
  3. GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; DL, dyslipidemia; CKD, chronic kidney disease; MetS, metabolic syndrome; Q1, quartile 1; Q2, quartile 2; Q3, quartile 3; Q4, quartile 4.
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