Table 1 General characteristics by sex.

Age (years)

43 (33; 52)

45 (38; 56)

0.08

Smoking (%)

<0.01

  never smokers

32

47

  former smokers

41

28

  current smokers

27

25

Physically active (%)

77

76

0.26

Alcohol consumption (g/day)

7.3 (2.8; 17.7)

2.6 (0.7; 6.5)

<0.01

Waist circumference (cm)

87 (82; 94)

77 (71; 83)

<0.01

BMI (kg/m²)

25.6 (23.8; 28.0)

24.5 (22.3; 27.7)

<0.01

Visceral adipose tissue (l)

3.35 (1.90; 5.06)

1.64 (0.96; 2.76)

<0.01

Subcutaneous adipose tissue (l)

5.17 (3.73; 6.60)

7.02 (5.59; 9.42)

<0.01

HbA1c (%)

5.1 (4.8; 5.4)

5.0 (4.8; 5.4)

0.13

Glucose (mmol/l)

5.3 (4.9; 5.5)

5.0 (4.8; 5.3)

<0.01

Insulin (μU/ml)

6.7 (4.6; 8.9)

7.2 (5.6; 10.1)

<0.01

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

5.2 (4.5; 5.9)

5.3 (4.7; 6.1)

0.02

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.35 (1.17; 1.55)

1.67 (1.43; 1.92)

<0.01

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)

3.28 (2.66; 3.87)

3.20 (2.58; 3.74)

0.26

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.11 (0.78; 1.42)

0.98 (0.72; 1.33)

0.01

eGFR (ml/min/1.72 m²)

94 (85; 110)

89 (78; 102)

<0.01

Systolic BP (mmHG)

122 (115; 129)

110 (105; 121)

<0.01

Diastolic BP (mmHG)

75 (70; 80)

72 (67; 77)

<0.01