Figure 1

The effect of error size on signal. (a) Normalized signal amplitude after a π/2-pulse. The dashed (solid) curve is the outcome of a single square (R-CinBB) pulse as a function of ε (the strength of the pulse length error). (b) \(-\frac{{\rm{Imaginary}}\ {\rm{Part}}}{{\rm{Real}}\ {\rm{Part}}}\), a measure of the direction error from the x-axis (the direction of the magnetization without errors), is plotted as a function of f (the strength of the off-resonance error). The calculations with Eq. (4) are performed without approximation because \(\left|\varepsilon \right| \sim 0.5\) and \(\left|f\right| \sim 0.5\) cannot be regarded as small.