Table 3 Statistical results. Note: I-FRT = instability free-weight resistance training, S-MRT = stable machine-based resistance training, S-MRTHIP = stable machine-based adductor/abductor training; FES-I = Fall Efficacy Scale. DSST = Digit Symbol Substitution Test; DMT = Digit Memory Test; Stroop = Stroop Colour-Word Test; TMT = Trail Making Test; TuT = Time under Tension; *no pre-post measures, thus only t-tests were calculated; BF = Bayes Factor; p ≤ 0.05.

From: Instability Resistance Training improves Working Memory, Processing Speed and Response Inhibition in Healthy Older Adults: A Double-Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial

 

ANOVA

 

planned contrasts

95%-CI (dunb)

df

F

p

d

df

t

p

dunb

FES-I

2,65

0.84

0.436

0.32

      
     

Unstable vs. Stable

65

0.92

0.364

−0.24

−0.75, 0.28

     

S-MRT vs. S-MRTHIP

65

0.90

0.373

0.27

−0.30, 0.85

DSST

2,65

3.95

0.024

0.53

      
     

Unstable vs. Stable

65

2.81

0.007

0.73

0.21, 1.27

     

S-MRT vs. S-MRTHIP

65

0.08

0.937

−0.02

−0.60, 0.55

DMT

2,65

6.05

0.004

0.66

      
     

Unstable vs. Stable

65

3.48

 < 0.001

0.91

0.38, 1.45

     

S-MRT vs. S-MRTHIP

65

0.09

0.928

0.02

−0.55, 0.60

Stroop

2,61

2.36

0.103

0.42

      
     

Unstable vs. Stable

61

2.09

0.041

0.55

0.01, 1.09

     

S-MRT vs. S-MRTHIP

61

0.66

0.510

−0.20

−0.79, 0.40

TMT

2,65

0.94

0.394

0.34

      
     

Unstable vs. Stable

43

0.68

0.502

0.17

−0.34, 0.69

     

S-MRT vs. S-MRTHIP

45

1.20

0.233

0.33

−0.24, 0.91

t-tests

Load*

    

S-MRT vs. I-FRT

43

15.24

 < 0.001

4.34

3.34, 5.46

     

S-MRT vs. S-MRTHIP

45

9.19

 < 0.001

2.64

1.88, 3.48

     

I-FRT vs. S-MRTHIP

42

9.86

 < 0.001

2.72

1.98, 3.52

TuT*

    

S-MRT vs. I-FRT

43

2.98

0.006

1.11

0.32, 1.96

     

S-MRT vs. S-MRTHIP

45

6.29

 < 0.001

2.31

3.35, 1.39

     

I-FRT vs. S-MRTHIP

42

9.05

 < 0.001

3.27

4.50, 2.20

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