Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Evaluating thyroid hormone disruption: investigations of long-term neurodevelopmental effects in rats after perinatal exposure to perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS)

Figure 5

Effects on motor activity levels, and learning and memory after developmental exposure to PFHxS and/or EDmix. (a–c) Motor activity levels in offspring PD 27, PD 115 and PD ~ 340. As expected there was an inherent sex difference in activity levels between control males and females in the young adult offspring, this sex difference was not found in the 0.05-Px, 5-Px + ED and 25-Px + ED groups, indicating disturbed sex differentiation of the brain. Pink bars represent female offspring and blue bars male offspring. n = 15–17 (except for EDmix, 0.05-Px + ED and 5-Px + ED with n = 12–13) animals per sex and group. (d,f) Learning and memory for female offspring assessed in the radial arm maze. n = 16–17. (e,g) Learning and memory for male offspring assessed in the radial arm maze. n = 17, 15, 19 and 16 for control, 0.05-Px, 5-Px and 25-Px, respectively. Data shown as mean + SEM, *p < 0.05 compared to control, ɸp < 0.05 for lack of a sex difference within indicated exposure group. ED: EDmix. Px: PFHxS. PD: postnatal day.

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