Table 2 Overview of the three fundamental case studies performed and evaluated in this paper.

From: Elucidating the dual role of grain boundaries as dislocation sources and obstacles and its impact on toughness and brittle-to-ductile transition

 

Dislocation source spacing along the crack front, \(\lambda \), [nm]

Mean free path for dislocation glide, \(\delta \), [nm]

Force of the obstacle, \(\phi \), [GPa]

Case study I: Variation of the mean free path, \(\delta \)

0

200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000

1000

Case study II:

Variation of the dislocation source spacing along the crack front, \(\lambda \)

200, 400, 600, 800, 1000

\(\nearrow \,\infty \)

0

Case study III: Simultaneous variation of the mean free path, \(\delta \), and the source spacing, \(\lambda \)

200 (400, 600, 800, 1000)

200 (400, 600, 800, 1000)

0.1–1000

Minimum in toughness: Simultaneous variation of the mean free path, \(\delta \), and the source spacing, \(\lambda \), up to a critical value. Above this value, \(\lambda \) is set constant and only \(\delta \) is increased

\({\lambda }_{c}^{1}\) = 400; \({\lambda }_{c}^{2}\) = 600; \({\lambda }_{c}^{3}\) = 800; \({\lambda }_{c}^{4}\) = 1000;

200–150000

0.3

Anisotropy of the toughness:

0

212, 318, 424, 530, 599, 1061, 1591, 2122, 2652, 2970

1000