Figure 6

The long-term non-adjustive ADV condition accelerates generation of senescence-associated (SA) T cells and germinal center B cells. (A,B) Flow cytometry of senescence-associated T (SA-T) and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in CD4⁺TCRβ⁺-gated spleen cells (A), and percentages and cell numbers of SA-T (CD4⁺TCRβ⁺CD44⁺PD-1⁺), CD153⁺ SA-T, Tfh (CD4⁺TCRβ⁺CXCR5⁺PD-1⁺), and regulatory T (Treg, CD4⁺TCRβ⁺CD25⁺) cells (B, n = 12) in spleens of LD- and ADV-conditioned mice. (C,D) Flow cytometry of SA-T and Tfh cells in CD4⁺TCRβ⁺-gated mLN cells (C) and percentages and cell numbers of SA-T, CD153⁺ SA-T, Tfh, and Treg (D, n = 12–16) in mLNs of LD- and ADV-conditioned mice. (E) Whole mLN cells from LD- and ADV-conditioned mice were stimulated with PMA and ionomycin for 3 hours. Percentages of IFN-γ–, IL-4–, and IL-17A–producing helper T cells in CD4 T cells were shown (n = 12). (F) Flow cytometry of germinal center B cell (GC-B) and IgG1⁺ and IgA⁺ class-switched B cells in mLNs of LD- and ADV-conditioned mice. (G) Cell numbers of GC-B (CD19⁺B220⁺CD95⁺GL7⁺), IgG1 B cells (CD19⁺B220⁺IgG1⁺), and IgA B cells (CD19⁺B220⁺IgA⁺) in mLN from LD- and ADV-conditioned mice (n = 12). Data are means ± SD. Two-tailed Student’s t-test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.