Table 1 Directed Evolution.

From: Replacing the eleven native tryptophans by directed evolution produces an active P-glycoprotein with site-specific, non-conservative substitutions

 

Transformants

Colonies screened for drug resistance

Colonies sequenced

Trp-free

Re-screened in naïve yeast

Outer Trps

300,000

1,116

624

316

not done

Outer and Inner Trps

200,000

1,143

768

196

72 uniquea (102 total)

Cytoplasmic Trps

500,000

—

447

256

9 unique (15 total)

  1. aFor this study, unique mutants are defined as a distinct combination of amino acids with distinct codons; some combinations occurred more than once.
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