Table 3 CFAs for the three-dimensional model for Level 2 of the kanji exam implemented at non-public test sites and the Level Pre-2, 3, and 4 at public sites in 2006 and 2016.

Data	χ²	df	p-value	RMSEA	[90%CI]	p-value	CFI	TLI	SRMR	AIC
Level 2 at non-public site in 2006
Earlier date (n = 12,050)	1529.351	33	<0.001	0.061	[0.059, 0.064]	<0.001	0.973	0.963	0.028	600208.736
Later date (n = 9,255)	569.301	33	<0.001	0.043	[0.040, 0.046]	1.000	0.987	0.983	0.022	450566.101
Level 2 at non-public site in 2016
Earlier date (n = 9,141)	519.204	33	<0.001	0.040	[0.037, 0.043]	1.000	0.988	0.983	0.019	453343.586
Later date (n = 2,671)	287.603	33	<0.001	0.054	[0.048, 0.060]	0.134	0.979	0.972	0.023	132694.576
Level Pre-2 at public site
2006 data (n = 17,796)	2976.545	33	<0.001	0.071	[0.069, 0.073]	<0.001	0.963	0.949	0.032	854549.924
2016 data (n = 12,586)	1859.823	33	<0.001	0.066	[0.064, 0.069]	<0.001	0.967	0.955	0.030	616708.464
Level 3 at public test site
2006 data (n = 15,769)	2073.208	33	<0.001	0.063	[0.060, 0.065]	<0.001	0.973	0.963	0.028	764948.286
2016 data (n = 12,470)	1026.299	33	<0.001	0.049	[0.047, 0.052]	0.705	0.983	0.977	0.020	596419.704
Level 4 at public test site
2006 data (n = 9,125)	1148.693	33	<0.001	0.061	[0.058, 0.064]	<0.001	0.983	0.977	0.037	438857.068
2016 data (n = 6,227)	732.797	33	<0.001	0.058	[0.055, 0.062]	<0.001	0.976	0.967	0.026	304545.170

Note: CFA = confirmatory factor analysis, χ² = chi-square statistic, df = degree of freedom of χ² distribution, p-value = significance in χ² test, RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation, 90%CI = 90% confidence interval of RMSEA, p close = p-value for the test of the close-fit hypothesis that RMSEA ≤ 0.05, CFI = comparative fit index, TLI = Tucker-Lewis index, SRMR = standardized root mean square residual, AIC = Akaike’s information criterion.

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