Table 2 Antimicrobial activities of H. pineodora essential oil, EoNP and ChNP on disc diffusion assay tested on various diabetic wound pathogens.
From: Homalomena pineodora essential oil nanoparticle inhibits diabetic wound pathogens
Test microorganisms | Diameter of inhibition zone (mm) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Essential oil | Essential oil nanoparticles (EoNP) | Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNP) | Chloramphenicol | Negative control (50% methanol) | |
Gram-positive bacteria | |||||
S. aureus | 9.0 ± 0.1 | 37.0 ± 0.1 | 7.0 ± 0.1 | 11.0 ± 0.1 | — |
B. cereus | 10.7 ± 0.2 | 36.0 ± 0.1 | 7.0 ± 0.1 | 11.0 ± 0.1 | — |
B. subtilis | 11.0 ± 0.1 | 31.0 ± 0.1 | — | 13.0 ± 0.1 | — |
MRSA | 9.0 ± 0.1 | 32.0 ± 0.1 | — | 11.0 ± 0.1 | — |
Gram-negative bacteria | |||||
P. mirabilis | 9.3 ± 0.1 | 38.0 ± 0.1 | 15.0 ± 0.1 | 13.0 ± 0.1 | — |
Yersinia sp. | 9.0 ± 0.1 | 46.0 ± 0.1 | 10.0 ± 0.1 | 15.0 ± 0.1 | — |
E. coli | 9.0 ± 0.1 | 34.0 ± 0.1 | 8.0 ± 0.1 | 11.0 ± 0.1 | — |
K. pneumoniae | — | 38.0 ± 0.1 | — | 10.0 ± 0.1 | — |
A. anitratus | 10.0 ± 0.1 | 36.0 ± 0.1 | 7.0 ± 0.1 | 13.0 ± 0.1 | |
S. boydii | — | 31.0 ± 0.1 | 7.0 ± 0.1 | 13.0 ± 0.1 | — |
S. typhimurium | — | 38.0 ± 0.1 | 7.0 ± 0.1 | 11.0 ± 0.1 | — |
P. aeruginosa | 9.0 ± 0.1 | 32.0 ± 0.1 | 7.0 ± 0.1 | 11.0 ± 0.1 | — |
Yeasts | |||||
C. utilis | — | 28.0 ± 0.1 | — | 10.0 ± 0.1 | — |
C. albicans | 10.0 ± 0.1 | 11.0 ± 0.1 | 8.0 ± 0.1 | 12.0 ± 0.1 | — |
