Table 1 Summary of literature studies on the structure of barium titanate.
From: Neutron Total Scattering Studies of Group II Titanates (ATiO3, A2+ = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)
Methodology | Conclusion | Date | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
X-ray Diffuse Scattering of Single Crystals | The rhombohedral phase is ordered, the other phases are partially ordered. The diffraction results are average structures | 1968 | Comes et al.15 |
Neutron Powder Diffraction | The structure was well fit with the average structure models and the anisotropic thermal parameters do not support the order-disorder model | 1993 | Kwei et al.14 |
Neutron Total Scattering | Local rhombohedral symmetry was found in rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases, but the average structure described the tetragonal and cubic phases well | 1995 | Kwei et al.34 |
Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) | The local structure is rhombohedrally distorted at all temperatures, the average structures observed were explained by the disordering of domains | 1998 | Ravel et al.35 |
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Single Crystal | Satellite peaks were observed in the cubic phase that were attributed to tetragonal symmetry | 2003 | Zalar et al.36 |
Synchrotron Total Scattering of Nanocrystals | Tetragonal local symmetry with cubic average symmetry | 2006 | Petkov et al.17 |
RMC Modeling of Neutron PDF, EXAFS, and Diffuse Scattering | Tetragonal phase shows four displacements and cubic phase shows eight displacement directions for titanium atoms | 2014 | Levin et al.37 |
RMC Modeling of Neutron PDF | Local rhombohedral titanium distortions are correlated and lead to experimentally observed average structures | 2016 | Senn et al.16 |
