Figure 4

1H Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain at 24 and 48 h after HI. Least square mean plots with 95% Least Significant Difference (LSD) bars for the NTP/epp and PCr/Pi in whole-forebrain, and Lac/NAA in thalamus and white matter; non-overlapping bars show evidence of a significant difference. NTP/epp (A) and PCr/Pi (B) means were significantly higher in the HT+M group compared to HT at 48 h (p = 0.049 and 0.036 respectively). Comparing the HT+M group to the HT group including both 24 and 48 h, Lac/NAA was lower in the white matter (p = 0.30) and grey matter (p = 0.038). There were no significant differences in MRS measures comparing HT and HT+V groups and HT+V and HT+M groups. epp = exchangeable phosphate pool; Lac = lactate; NAA = N-acetyl aspartate; Thal = thalamus; WM = white matter; HI = hypoxia ischemia; M = melatonin *p < 0.05.