Table 3 Factors associated with the risk of MCI among 462 cognitively normal older adults with multimorbidity.

Age

  60–69

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  70–79

4.03 (2.05, 7.92)

< 0.001

2.55 (1.08, 6.01)

0.032

  80+

6.24 (2.45, 15.84)

< 0.001

2.05 (0.67, 6.22)

0.206

Education

  > 6y

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  <= 6y

2.37 (1.29, 4.34)

0.005

1.35 (0.69, 2.65)

0.380

Marriage

  Married

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  Single/divorced/separated/widowed

2.62 (1.46, 4.70)

0.001

1.99 (1.01, 3.92)

0.048

Social assistance

  No

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  Yes

3.07 (1.59, 5.95)

0.001

1.24 (0.53, 2.91)

0.619

Social media use

  No

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  Yes

0.32 (0.18, 0.58)

< 0.001

0.53 (0.27, 1.04)

0.064

Loneliness

  Total score = 0

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  Total score >= 1

0.56 (0.31, 1.01)

0.054

0.56 (0.30, 1.07)

0.079

Sarcopenia

  No

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  Yes

2.11 (0.89, 5.02)

0.090

0.97 (0.32, 2.94)

0.953

Frailty

  No frailty

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  Pre-frailty

1.10 (0.57, 2.12)

0.787

1.17 (0.57, 2.38)

0.664

  Frailty

2.08 (0.91, 4.73)

0.081

0.97 (0.33, 2.86)

0.963

Incontinence

  No

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  Yes

2.10 (1.12, 3.91)

0.020

1.21 (0.58, 2.52)

0.618

Hypertension (diagnosed)

  No

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  Yes

1.99 (0.92, 4.26)

0.079

1.24 (0.54, 2.84)

0.612

Diabetes mellitus (diagnosed)

  No

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  Yes

1.76 (0.97, 3.20)

0.064

0.92 (0.24, 3.61)

0.909

Regular medication use

  < 5

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  > = 5

2.06 (1.13, 3.74)

0.018

0.95 (0.41, 2.15)

0.895

Antidiabetics use

  No

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  Yes

2.05 (1.12, 3.75)

0.020

2.04 (0.50, 8.31)

0.319

Analgesics use

  No

1 (Reference)

NA

1 (Reference)

NA

  Yes

2.04 (0.98, 4.25)

0.055

1.40 (0.55, 3.53)

0.479