Table 2 Comparison of hard and soft stenotic lesions in 31 patients with severe symptomatic vertebrobasilar stenosis who underwent angioplasty and stenting.
From: Influence of Vertebrobasilar Stenotic Lesion Rigidity on the Outcome of Angioplasty and Stenting
Variable | Hard lesions (n = 16) | Soft lesions (n = 15) | P | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 64.2 ± 8.9 (51–78) | 60.1 ± 17.9 (16–85) | 0.4172 | |
Sex (M/F) | 13(81.3%)/3 (19.7%) | 15 (100.0%)/0 (0.0%) | 0.2258 | |
Risk factors | ||||
Hypertension | 13 (81.3%) | 9 (60.0%) | 0.2524 | 2.89 (0.57–14.68) |
Diabetes | 4 (25.0%) | 6 (40.0%) | 0.3719 | 0.50 (0.11–2.31) |
Hyperlipidemia | 8 (50.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0.0155 | 4.0 (1.47–133.23) |
Smoking | 8 (50.0%) | 8 (53.3%) | 0.8528 | 0.88 (0.21–3.58) |
Diagnosis | <0.0001 | |||
Atherosclerosis | 8 (50.0%) | 2 (13.3%) | 1 | |
Dissection | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (80.0%) | ∞ | |
Dissection in atherosclerosis | 8 (50.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0.5 (0.04–6.68 | |
Interval between symptoms and MR (mon) | 5.30 ± 6.97 (0.1–24) | 3.58 ± 8.00 (0.03–30) | 0.0840 | |
MR findings | ||||
Brain infarcts | ||||
Brainstem | 9 (56.3%) | 10 (66.7%) | 0.5518 | 0.64 (0.15–2.76) |
Cerebellum | 6 (37.5%) | 11 (73.3%) | 0.0732 | 0.22 (0.05–1.01) |
Thalamus/occipital region | 9 (56.3%) | 8 (53.3%) | 0.8700 | 1.13 (0.27–4.63) |
Location of the stenotic lesions | 0.8319 | |||
Basilar artery | 7 (43.8%) | 8 (53.3%) | 1 | |
Vertebral artery | 2 (12.5%) | 2 (13.3%) | 1.14 (0.13–10.39) | |
Vertebral to basilar artery | 7 (43.8%) | 5 (33.3%) | 1.61 (0.35–7.40) | |
Severity of the stenosis (%) | 83.6 ± 10.3 (70–99) | 84.5 ± 10.4 (60–99) | 0.6737 | |
Signals on HR-MRI | ||||
T2WI: high/iso- to low | 1 (6.3%)/15 (93.7%) | 6 (40.0%)/9 (60.0%) | 0.0373 | 0.1 (0.01–0.97) |
T1WI: high/iso- to low | 5 (31.3%)/11(68.7%) | 14 (93.3%)/1 (6.7%) | 0.0004 | 0.033 (0.003–0.32) |
T1WI/C: strong/faint or no | 4 (25.0%)/12(75.0%) | 6 (40.0%)/9 (60.0%) | 0.4578 | 0.50 (0.11–2.31) |
Restricted diffusion of the stenotic lesions yes/no | 1 (6.3%) /15 (93.7%) | 6 (40.0%)/9 (60.0%) | 0.0373 | (0.01–0.97) |
Stenosis of ICA & its branches | 10 (62.5%) | 5 (33.3%) | 0.1044 | (0.76–14.58) |
Angioplasty and stenting | ||||
Technical success | 15 (93.7%) | 15 (100.0%) | 1.0000 | −>0 |
Complications | 6 (37.5%) | 5 (33.3%) | 0.8085 | (0.27–5.25) |
Stent type (self- /balloon- EX), n = 30 | 12 (80%)/3 (20%) | 8 (53.3%)/7 (46.7%) | 0.1213 | (0.69–17.71) |
Residual stenosis (%), n = 30 | 19.7 ± 23.2 (0.0–40.0) | 11.3 ± 23.2 (0.0–30.0) | 0.0070 | — |
Outcomes (n = 30) | ||||
Follow-up period (mon) | 18.9 ± 15.5 (1–55) | 25.9 ± 19.1 (0.2–60) | 0.2767 | |
Severe restenosis (≥50%) | 5 (33.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.0421 | |
Recurrent stroke/symptoms | 3 (20.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.2241 | |
Mortality | 2 (13.3%) | 1 (6.7%) | 1.0000 | |
