Table 4 Univariable and multivariable analysis of factors associated with Type 2 diabetes.

From: Patterns and predictors of co-morbidities in Tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study in the Philippines

Characteristic

N

Type 2 diabetes, n (%)

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

p-value1

Adjusted OR2 (95% CI)

p-value1

Sex

Female

173

17 (9.8)

1

0.723

—

 

Male

416

37 (8.9)

0.90 (0.49–1.64)

 

—

 

Age category (years)

18–40

256

6 (2.3)

1

<0.001

1

<0.001

41–65

258

41 (15.9)

7.87 (3.28–18.9)

 

5.93 (2.41–14.6)

 

>65

75

7 (9.3)

4.29 (1.40–13.2)

 

3.07 (0.97–9.70)

 

Family size

589

 

0.93 (0.83–1.05)

0.219

—

 

Marital status

Single

243

10 (4.1)

1

0.003

—

 

Married

273

36 (13.2)

3.54 (1.72–7.30)

 

—

 

Divorced/separated

11

1 (9.1)

2.33 (0.27–20.0)

 

—

 

Widowed

62

7 (11.3)

2.97 (1.08–8.14)

 

—

 

Highest level of education obtained

Primary

197

16 (8.1)

1

0.221

—

 

Secondary

231

28 (12.1)

1.56 (0.82–2.98)

 

—

 

Tertiary

142

9 (6.3)

0.77 (0.33–1.79)

 

—

 

Vocational

19

1 (5.3)

0.63 (0.08–5.02)

 

—

 

Health insurance

No

226

14 (6.2)

1

0.051

1

0.032

Yes

350

38 (10.9)

1.84 (0.98–3.49)

 

2.05 (1.05–4.05)

 

Time to health clinic (minutes)

589

 

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.128

—

 

Smoking status

No or Ex

476

44 (9.2)

1

0.896

—

 

Yes

113

10 (8.8)

0.95 (0.46–1.96)

 

—

 

Alcohol consumption

Daily

111

12 (10.8)

1

0.783

—

 

Weekly or monthly

133

11 (8.3)

0.74 (0.31–1.76)

 

—

 

Rarely/Never

345

31 (9.0)

0.81 (0.40–1.65)

 

—

 

Weight change last 3–6 months

No change

97

8 (8.2)

1

0.730

—

 

Increase

82

6 (7.3)

0.88 (0.29–2.64)

 

—

 

Decrease

410

40 (9.8)

1.20 (0.54–2.66)

 

—

 

Food intake last 1 month

No change

223

18 (8.1)

1

0.553

—

 

Increase

136

10 (7.4)

0.90 (0.40–2.02)

 

—

 

Moderate decrease

152

17 (11.2)

1.43 (0.71–2.88)

 

—

 

Severe decrease

78

9 (11.5)

1.49 (0.64–3.46)

 

—

 

Food security

Secure

308

30 (9.7)

1

0.689

—

 

Moderate insecurity

148

11 (7.4)

0.74 (0.36–1.53)

 

—

 

Severe insecurity

133

13 (9.8)

1.00 (0.51–1.99)

 

—

 

TB treatment phase

Intensive

307

32 (10.4)

1

0.269

—

 

Continuation

282

22 (7.8)

0.73 (0.41–1.28)

 

—

 

Previous TB

New case

366

31 (8.5)

1

0.523

—

 

Relapse case

219

22 (10.1)

1.21 (0.68–2.14)

 

—

 

Bacteriologically confirmed TB

No

373

29 (7.8)

1

0.136

—

 

Yes

208

24 (11.5)

1.55 (0.88–2.74)

 

—

 

Inflammatory status (CRP)

<5 g/l

502

44 (8.8)

1

0.121

—

 

≥5 g/l

42

7 (16.7)

2.08 (0.87–4.96)

 

—

 

BMI group3

Normal

216

8 (3.7)

1

<0.001

—

 

Underweight

337

38 (11.3)

0.30 (0.14–0.66)

 

—

 

Overweight

28

6 (21.4)

2.15 (0.82–5.63)

 

—

 

Obese

6

2 (33.3)

3.93 (0.70–22.2)

 

—

 

Central obesity: waist-to-hip ratio4

No

393

13 (3.3)

1

<0.001

1

<0.001

Yes

195

41(21.0)

7.78 (4.06–14.9)

 

6.16 (3.15–12.0)

 

Area

Urban

325

26 (8.0)

1

0.277

—

 

Rural

264

28 (10.6)

1.36 (0.78–2.39)

 

—

 
  1. OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval. 1p-value from likelihood ratio test.
  2. 2Adjusted ORs shown for covariates retained in the final multivariable model (if effects are not reported, covariate was not included).
  3. 3underweight: Body Mass Index underweight: <18.5, normal: 18.5–24.9, overweight: 25.0–29.9, obese ≥30 kg/m2.
  4. 4based on waist-to-hip ratio >0.85 for women and >0.9 for men.
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