Table 1 Areas displaying differential activation for incongruent versus congruent information during the visual search phase (following both optimistic and pessimistic expectancies).

From: The effect of optimistic expectancies on attention bias: Neural and behavioral correlates

H	Brain Structure	k	x	y	z	t_max	p		M_eβ				t_As	P_As
Incongruent > Congruent								Cue	Gain	Gain	Loss	Loss
Whole-Brain Analysis (FWE corrected)								Target	Gain	Loss	Gain	Loss
R	AI, IFGor	192	35	25	−3	10.03	<.001		12.74	17.70	17.81	13.34	0.53	.299
B	SPL, IPL, SOG, MOG, ANG (R)	2141	29	−65	45	9.24	<.001		20.59	27.92	28.19	21.71	0.60	.274
B	SMA, MeFG, DACC	597	−4	12	53	8.64	<.001		18.50	25.10	24.66	20.05	1.96	.028
L	PreCG, IFGop, IFGtr, MFG	404	−44	6	35	8.29	<.001		16.35	23.36	22.58	17.96	1.73	.045
L	AI	88	−32	21	−5	8.09	<.001		7.04	10.88	11.00	8.27	1.50	.069
R	MFG, SFG	94	31	2	58	7.28	<.001		10.10	14.24	13.48	11.23	2.14	.018
R	PCC, CUN, LING	66	11	−65	10	6.87	.001		14.34	17.81	17.64	14.37	0.20	.420
L	MFG, SFG	63	−24	0	60	6.84	.001		16.52	21.45	20.25	17.58	2.54	.007
R	IFGop, IFGtr, MFG	86	49	25	30	6.75	.001		3.50	9.10	10.19	4.28	−0.25	—
L	CUN, PCC, LING	51	−14	−71	8	6.53	.003		13.92	18.12	17.50	14.64	1.16	.125
R	IFGop, PreCG	22	37	6	30	6.32	.006		12.14	16.74	16.06	13.49	2.21	.016
R	IFGop, PreCG, MFG	32	49	10	33	6.27	.007		17.31	22.85	23.03	18.52	0.75	.230
L	CUN, LING	18	−2	−75	5	6.25	.008		7.74	11.52	11.33	8.46	0.90	.185
R	IOG	13	31	−85	−5	6.22	.009		10.24	12.73	13.10	10.42	−0.16	—
Region-of-Interest Analysis (FDR corrected)
Salience Network
R	AI, IFGtr	124	37	23	−3	9.16	<.001		11.47	15.46	16.22	12.05	−0.19	—
R	SMA, DACC, MeFG, SFG	129	7	8	55	7.18	<.001		17.16	22.96	22.10	18.24	2.12	.019
L	DACC, SMA, MeFG	82	−6	12	50	8.24	< .001		16.77	20.82	19.99	17.61	1.68	.050
L	AI, IFGtr	106	−36	19	−5	5.80	<.001		5.41	8.51	8.68	6.15	0.77	.223
Executive Control Network
R	AI, IFGor	68	35	25	−3	10.03	<.001		12.74	17.70	17.81	13.34	0.53	.299
R	SPL, IPL, MOG, PostCG	613	27	−63	45	8.88	<.001		20.77	27.31	27.59	21.92	0.70	.244
L	SPL, IPL, MOG	751	−28	−57	53	8.16	<.001		30.26	37.87	37.09	32.00	2.03	.024
L	AI, IFGor	70	−32	21	−5	8.09	<.001		7.04	10.88	11.00	8.27	1.50	.069
L	SMA, SFG	56	−4	10	55	7.93	<.001		18.09	24.34	23.97	19.73	2.07	.022
L	SMA, MeFG, DACC	72	−6	19	48	7.83	<.001		8.25	12.64	12.93	9.22	0.78	.220
L	MFG, IFGtr, IFGop, PreCG, SFG	608	−46	6	33	7.49	<.001		17.03	23.52	22.84	18.18	1.39	.085
R	SMA, MeFG, DACC	71	5	19	48	7.07	<.001		12.07	16.36	16.14	13.26	1.47	.074
R	MFG, IFGtr	197	49	27	28	6.68	.001		4.79	9.81	10.70	5.51	−0.13	—
R	SFG, MFG	49	25	6	58	6.37	.001		10.13	13.43	13.82	10.69	0.18	.428
R	IFGop, PreCG	69	37	6	30	6.32	.001		12.14	16.74	16.06	13.49	2.21	.016
R	MFG	62	37	4	60	5.67	.007		3.178	6.69	7.82	4.44	0.13	.447
L	ITG	25	−48	−55	−15	4.93	.007		2.71	5.24	4.76	2.99	1.08	.143
L	SFG, MFG	15	−26	47	18	4.70	.020		3.48	6.17	6.57	4.58	0.76	.227
L	MFG	80	−40	51	3	4.60	.031		−3.26	−0.28	1.11	−2.73	−0.57	—
R	IFGop	22	49	14	13	4.35	.049		1.53	3.60	3.71	1.72	0.11	.455
Congruent > Incongruent
Whole-Brain Analysis (FWE corrected)
B	MOFC	110	−2	41	−13	7.07	<.001		−5.40	−9.32	−8.17	−6.17	1.87	.034
L	IPL, PostCG	38	−65	−30	30	6.66	.002		−9.09	−13.80	−12.65	−9.83	1.53	.067
R	IPL, PostCG	37	64	−24	20	6.64	.002		−9.30	−14.52	−14.41	−10.94	1.54	.065
Region-of-Interest Analysis (FDR corrected)
Salience Network
L	IPL, PostCG	205	−65	−30	30	6.66	.003		−9.09	−13.80	−12.65	−9.83	1.53	.067
R	IPL, PostCG	220	60	−20	18	5.82	.033		−2.32	−6.97	−6.05	−3.90	1.87	.034

Note. All coordinates (x, y, z) of peak voxel activation are given in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. H = hemisphere; L = left, R = right, B = bilateral; k = cluster size in number of voxels (voxel size = 2 ×2 ×2.5 mm); M_eβ = mean estimated beta, t_As and p_As refer to t and p values related to our asymmetry hypothesis (see Methods and Materials for details). p_As is not specified for those t values that are incongruent with our hypothesis. Note that some results are listed for both SN and ECN (e.g. AI) as the network masks we used slightly overlapped. This is due to the fact that the SN and ECN networks are not identical across the different atlases at the basis of CAREN³³. Such overlap between SN and ECN masks might further relate to interactions between SN and ECN. For exploratory whole-brain analyses, a clustering threshold of p < 0.05, whole-brain FWE corrected, and an additional cluster-extent threshold of 10 voxels was used; ROI analyses involved FDR correction, with an additional cluster-extent of 10 voxels. AI = Anterior Insula, ANG = Angular Gyrus, CUN = Cuneus, DACC = Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex, IFGop = Inferior Frontal Gyrus - pars opercularis, IFGor = Inferior Frontal Gyrus – pars orbitalis, IFGtr = Inferior Frontal Gyrus – pars triangularis, IOC = Inferior Occipital Gyrus, IPL = Inferior Parietal Lobule, ITG = Inferior Temporal Gyrus, LING = Lingual Gyrus, MeFG = Medial Frontal Gyrus, MFG = Middle Frontal Gyrus, MOFC = Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex, MOG = Middle Occipital Gyrus, PCC = Posterior Cingulate Cortex, PreCG = Precentral Gyrus, PostCG = Postcentral Gyrus, SFG = Superior Frontal Gyrus, SMA = Supplementary Motor Area, SOG = Superior Occipital Gyrus, SPL = Superior Parietal Lobule.

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Table 1 Areas displaying differential activation for incongruent versus congruent information during the visual search phase (following both optimistic and pessimistic expectancies).

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