Table 2 Areas displaying differential activity to unexpected punishment (vs. expected reward) following optimistic expectancies compared with unexpected reward (vs. expected punishment) following pessimistic expectancies in the visual search phase predicting asymmetric attention deployment following optimistic compared with pessimistic expectancies indicated by RTs (Diff_GainCue > Diff_LossCue). Scatterplots displaying the relation between behavioral and neural asymmetry for each area can be found in the supplementary materials (Supplementary Figure 1).

From: The effect of optimistic expectancies on attention bias: Neural and behavioral correlates

H	Brain Structure	k	x	y	z	t_max	p		M_eβ				t_As	P_As
Positive Correlation								Cue	Gain	Gain	Loss	Loss
Whole-Brain Analysis (FWE corrected)								Target	Gain	Loss	Gain	Loss
L	IFGop, PreCG	72	−40	4	28	7.56	<.001		11.75	16.65	16.59	13.39	1.57	.062
L	PreCG	32	−42	−6	45	7.27	<.001		10.34	12.91	13.03	11.48	1.26	.106
B	SMA, SFG, MeFG	61	0	10	60	6.83	.001		11.78	17.16	16.59	13.55	1.99	.026
L	SPL, IPL	18	−26	−55	45	6.66	.002		17.95	22.82	22.72	19.06	1.24	.110
L	SPL, SOG	10	−20	−71	40	6.59	.002		18.12	22.94	22.17	19.02	1.69	.049
R	IFGop, PreCG	12	43	2	30	6.45	.004		12.56	15.73	15.96	13.30	0.54	.297
L	PreCG, MFG	16	−30	−6	55	6.2	.010		16.24	20.38	19.86	17.15	1.63	.055
Region-of-Interest Analysis (FDR corrected)
Salience Network
L	SMA, DACC, MeFG	41	−6	8	53	6.49	.002		18.39	23.36	23.07	19.39	1.50	.070
L	AI	38	−30	23	8	5.47	.018		13.63	17.41	16.84	14.63	1.48	.072
R	SMA, DACC, SFG, MeFG	63	9	10	53	5.35	.027		13.02	16.10	15.28	13.76	1.79	.040
Executive Control Network
L	IFGop, MFG, PreCG	187	−40	4	28	7.56	.001		11.75	16.65	16.59	13.39	1.57	.062
L	SMA, SFG	25	−4	8	55	6.23	.004		20.42	26.67	26.31	21.96	2.06	.022
R	IFGop, PreCG	41	41	4	30	6.05	.006		15.30	19.50	19.62	16.43	0.98	.166
L	SPL, IPL	235	−22	−71	38	6.04	.006		18.63	23.61	23.04	19.36	1.15	.128
L	SFG, MeFG	38	−22	−2	58	5.55	.018		16.78	20.71	20.09	17.81	2.20	.016
Negative Correlation
Whole-Brain Analysis (FWE corrected)
L	IPL, STG	48	−61	−57	25	6.39	.005		−10.63	−13.06	−10.37	−11.67	−2.55	.007
Region-of-Interest Analysis (FDR corrected)
Salience Network
R	IPL	59	−59	−39	40	5.91	.018		−16.78	−20.00	−18.13	−17.31	1.59	.060
Executive Control Network
L	IPL	36	−57	−39	43	5.77	.021		−13.88	−16.26	−13.90	−14.21	1.88	.033
R	MFG	47	43	21	48	5.50	.030		−10.08	−9.36	−7.34	−10.33	−1.56	—
R	MTG	14	64	−53	8	5.45	.030		−6.98	−9.73	−8.37	−7.81	1.72	.046

Note. All coordinates (x, y, z) of peak voxel activation are given in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. H = hemisphere; L = left, R = right, B = bilateral; k = cluster size in number of voxels (voxel size = 2 ×2 ×2.5 mm); M_eβ = mean estimated beta, t_As and p_As refer to t and p values related to our asymmetry hypothesis (see Methods and Materials for details). p_As is not specified for those t values that are incongruent with our hypothesis. For exploratory whole-brain analyses, a clustering threshold of p < 0.05, whole-brain FWE corrected, and an additional cluster-extent threshold of 10 voxels was used; ROI analyses involved FDR correction, with an additional cluster-extent of 10 voxels. AI = Anterior Insula, DACC = Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex, IFGop = Inferior Frontal Gyrus - pars opercularis, IPL = Inferior Parietal Lobule, MeFG = Medial Frontal Gyrus, MFG = Middle Frontal Gyrus, MTG = Middle Temporal Gyrus, PreCG = Precentral Gyrus, SFG = Superior Frontal Gyrus, STG = Superior Temporal Gyrus, SOG = Superior Occipital Gyrus, SMA = Supplementary Motor Area, SPL = Superior Parietal Lobule, STG = Superior Temporal Gyrus.

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