Table 5 The association of GSQS with cognitive performance metrics in Study 2.

Outcome	β	95% CI	t	df	p	BF₀₁
ACC learning indices
ACC Higher-order sequence learning	0.029	[−0.17, 0.23]	0.278	102	0.78	10.87
ACC Statistical learning	−0.001	[−0.20, 0.20]	−0.013	102	0.99	10.08
ACC Triplet learning	0.000	[−0.20, 0.20]	0.000	102	1.00	10.15
RT learning indices
RT Higher-order sequence learning	−0.004	[−0.11, 0.10]	−0.070	102	0.94	10.14
RT Statistical learning	−0.105	[−0.32, 0.11]	−0.973	102	0.33	5.39
RT Triplet learning	−0.054	[−0.17, 0.07]	−0.866	102	0.39	16.46
General skill indices
ACC general skill learning	0.040	[−0.13, 0.21]	0.452	102	0.65	12.28
Average ACC	0.156	[−0.05, 0.36]	1.466	102	0.15	5.16
RT average	−0.176	[−0.39, 0.04]	−1.617	102	0.11	3.46
RT general skill learning	−0.104	[−0.30, 0.09]	−1.039	102	0.30	5.85
WM and EF indices
Counting Span	−0.062	[−0.26, 0.13]	−0.632	102	0.53	6.07
WCST – perseverative error	−0.009	[−0.13, 0.14]	−0.133	101	0.89	9.22

Note: The table shows standardized regression coefficients for GSQS scores in separate linear mixed-effect models for each cognitive performance metrics. Age, gender, and morningness score were added as covariates. BF₀₁ was derived from BIC (see the ‘Data analysis’ section for details). ACC = accuracy. RT = reaction time. WM = working memory. EF = executive function. WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

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