Table 3 Element weight ratio (%) of the outer surface of the membranes after scaling at a hardness of 800 mg/L (CaCO3).

From: Impact of scaling on aeration performance of fine-pore membrane diffusers based on a pilot-scale study

Element

C

O

Ca

Mg

S

other

EPDM

23.46

45.41

20.29

1.83

5.93

3.08

Silicone

21.78

48.04

19.36

2.37

2.85

5.60

PU

19.58

50.34

23.38

0.85

4.72

1.13

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