Table 1 Comparison of demographic data at baseline.

From: Clinical characteristics in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: A prospective multi-institutional cross-sectional study

 

OPLL group n = 263

CS group n = 50

p-value

Age, years

63.6 ± 12.3

67.9** ± 10.6

0.01

Sex (Male: Female)

177: 86

33: 17

0.87

Height, cm

162.9 ± 10.1

159.1** ± 9.6

0.01

Body weight, kg

72.0 ± 47.2

60.9 ± 11.0

0.08

Comorbid diabetes mellitus

65 (24.7%)

15 (30%)

0.46

Cervical myelopathic JOA score

Upper extremity motor function

2.9 ± 1.0

2.3*** ± 1.1

<0.001

Lower extremity motor function

2.7 ± 1.2

2.2*** ± 1.2

<0.001

Sensory function in the upper extremities

1.2 ± 0.6

1.1 ± 0.5

0.17

Sensory function in the trunk

1.7 ± 0.5

1.9 ± 0.4

0.06

Sensory function in the lower extremities

1.4 ± 0.6

1.5 ± 0.5

0.40

Bladder function

2.5 ± 0.7

2.6 ± 0.7

0.33

Total

12.4 ± 3.4

11.4* ± 3.4

0.04

Complaint

Neck pain

161 (61.2%)

47*** (94%)

<0.001

Back pain

75 (28.5%)

15 (30%)

0.87

Low back pain

138 (52.4%)

39*** (78%)

<0.001

JOA-CMEQ

Cervical spine function

65.6 ± 29.2

69.7 ± 26.6

0.35

Upper extremity function

80.4 ± 21.1

73.9* ± 22.9

0.04

Lower extremity function

66.6 ± 30.2

57.1* ± 28.2

0.04

Bladder function

75.5 ± 21.6

74.0 ± 20.1

0.66

Quality of life

50.2 ± 19.7

46.1 ± 19.8

0.15

JOA-BPEQ

Lumbar spine function

68.7 ± 31.4

64.7 ± 31.4

0.38

Social life function

56.9 ± 29.2

53.3 ± 28.1

0.32

Walking ability

64.5 ± 35.1

53.3* ± 36.4

0.03

Body pain

70.8 ± 34.2

70.8 ± 37.4

0.90

Mental health

49.2 ± 19.8

48.4 ± 19.7

0.73

VAS scores

Neck or shoulder pain or numbness

39.1 ± 30.8

49.6* ± 30.8

0.02

Chest tightness

10.2 ± 21.4

7.9 ± 18.6

0.45

Upper extremity pain or numbness

44.2 ± 32.9

62.6*** ± 32.5

<0.001

Pain or numbness below the chest

37.3 ± 33. 7

41.6 ± 34.8

0.37

Low back pain

27.3 ± 28.7

33.1 ± 25.8

0.16

Pain in lower extremities

23.1 ± 29.9

35.7* ± 33.8

0.02

Numbness in lower extremities

30.6 ± 33.4

33.0 ± 31.8

0.35

SF36 scores

Physical Functioning

60.8 ± 30.5

54.5 ± 28.9

0.16

Role Physical

58.0 ± 32.3

46.5** ± 28.6

0.01

Bodily Pain

51.6 ± 25.8

40.3*** ± 23.4

<0.001

General Health

49.3 ± 8.9

47.7 ± 7.8

0.27

Vitality

56.5 ± 12.9

58.9 ± 14.0

0.27

Social Functioning

51.5 ± 12.5

53.0 ± 14.2

0.39

Role Emotional

64.6 ± 32.8

51.0*** ± 30.2

<0.001

Mental Health

60.2 ± 11.9

61.5 ± 11.4

0.61

  1. Data are shown as the mean and standard deviation or as the number (percentage) as appropriate. BPEQ, Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire; CMEQ, Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire; CS, cervical spondylosis; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; OPLL, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament; SF-36, Short Form-36; VAS, visual analog scale. *Weakly significant difference (0.01 < p < 0.05); **moderately significant difference (0.001 < p < 0.01); ***highly significant difference (p < 0.001).
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