Table 5 Results of the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of the patient demographic characteristics and selected markers.

From: Validation of Calprotectin As a Novel Biomarker For The Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion: a Multicentre Trial

Characteristics

Univariate analysis OR (95% CI)

P-value

Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI)

p-value

Gender = female

1.49 (0.96–2.30)

0.071

3.31 (1.60–6.83)

0.001

Age 61.5

2.24 (1.406–3.597)

0.001

1.40 (0.69–2.85)

0.344

Smoker

1.21 (0.791–1.86)

0.373

Previous neoplasia

2.086 (1.26–3.44)

0.004

2.12 (1.01–5.23)

0.045

Dyspnoea

3.00 (1.74–5.16)

0.000

1.46 (0.63–4.43)

0.333

Pain chest

0.577 (0.37–0.90)

0.015

1.25 (0.64–2.46)

0.503

Weight loss

4.55 (2.37–8.75)

0.000

6.70 (2.34–19.13)

0.000

Fever

0.11 (0.04–0.25)

0.000

0.29 (0.09–0.89)

0.032

Cough

0.67 (0.428–1.07)

0.100

1.35 (0.64–2.82)

0.425

PE size 2/3

3.96 (2.27–6.91)

0.000

2.60 (1.05–6.41)

0.037

ADA 27.4 UL

3.73 (2.16–6.45)

0.000

2.71 (1.16–6.51)

0.021

LDH 753 UL

1.06 (0.67–1.68)

0.777

Protein

0.75 (0.60–0.94)

0.015

1.25 (0.85–1.83)

0.247

pH 7.37

0.88 (0.56–1.40)

0.604

Glucose

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

0.018

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

0.958

Lymphocytes 73.5%

3.5 (2.12–5.76)

0.000

2.01 (0.59–0.68)

0.261

Neutrophils (%)

0.97 (0.97–0.98)

0.000

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

0.546

Calprotectin ≤ 6. 233, 2 ng/ml

38.29 (15.07–97.25)

0.000

28.76 (9.37–88.28)

0.000

  1. Abbreviations PE = pleural effusion; ADA = adenosine deaminase; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval.