Table 3 Comparison of dry eye parameters in non-DED, mild DED, and severe DED groups.

From: Utility of Tear Osmolarity Measurement in Diagnosis of Dry Eye Disease

Examination

Right eye

Left eye

Non-DED (DESL 0)

Mild DED (DESL 1 + 2)

Severe DED (DESL 3 + 4)

p-value (ANOVA)

Non-DED (DESL 0)

Mild DED (DESL 1 + 2)

Severe DED (DESL 3 + 4)

p-value (ANOVA)

OSDI

2.2 ± 2.5

26.2 ± 17.4

31.4 ± 21.5

<0.001

2.2 ± 2.5

26.2 ± 17.4

31.4 ± 21.5

<0.001

Tear osmolarity (mOsm/L)

310.8 ± 21.9a

312.7 ± 18.3b

316.4 ± 23.5c

0.123

307.4 ± 21.1a

306.9 ± 17.9d

312.9 ± 21.9c

0.003

TFBUT (seconds)

8.0 ± 4.2

4.11 ± 3.5

2.3 ± 1.4

<0.001

8.45 ± 3.8

4.0 ± 3.5

2.3 ± 1.6

<0.001

OPI

2.5 ± 1.6

1.6 ± 1.5

0.9 ± 0.8

<0.001

2.9 ± 1.8

1.5 ± 1.5

0.9 ± 0.8

<0.001

OSS

0.68 ± 1.2

1.4 ± 1.5

4.4 ± 2.4

<0.001

1.1 ± 2.1

1.5 ± 1.6

4.6 ± 2.5

<0.001

Schirmer I test (mm/5 min)

19.3 ± 11.1

15.5 ± 9.8

9.9 ± 9.01

<0.001

19.6 ± 10.6

14.9 ± 9.3

9.4 ± 8.4

<0.001

Meibum expressibility

3.7 ± 1.4

1.7 ± 0.8

1.8 ± 0.8

<0.001

3.7 ± 1.6

1.8 ± 0.8

1.8 ± 0.9

<0.001

Meibum quality

1.27 ± 2.9

8.9 ± 4.6

7.7 ± 5.4

<0.001

1.0 ± 2.8

9.6 ± 4.7

7.9 ± 5.0

<0.001

  1. aDifference between Non-DED and Mild DED, p > 0.05.
  2. bDifference between Mild DED and Severe DED, p > 0.05.
  3. cDifference between Non-DED and Severe DED, p > 0.05.
  4. dDifference between Mild-DED and Severe DED, p = 0.002.
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