Table 1 Numerical simulations performed using the WRF-Chem model in the study.

From: On the widespread enhancement in fine particulate matter across the Indo-Gangetic Plain towards winter

Simulation name

Description

WRF-Chem or ref

Reference simulation driven by realistic emissions from anthropogenic, biogenic, and biomass-burning sources

fire_off

Biomass-burning emissions of all species turned off

anthro_off

Anthropogenic emissions of all species turned off

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