Table 2 Change scores of pain and paraesthesia bothersomeness over time.

From: Neck-specific exercise for radiating pain and neurological deficits in chronic whiplash, a 1-year follow-up of a randomised clinical trial

 

NSE

NSEB

PPA

P-values

Change scores, from baseline to:

Change scores from baseline to:

Change scores from baseline to:

Group

Time

Inter-action

3 months

95% CI

6 months

95% CI

12 months

95% CI

3 months

95% CI

6 months

95% CI

12 months

95% CI

3 months

95% CI

6 months

95% CI

12 months

95% CI

Current arm pain VAS, mean (SD)

8 (25)

0–16

6 (23)

−1–13

9 (19)

2–15

−4 (16)

−9–0

1 (13)

−3–4

3 (19)

−3–9

−4 (27)

−13–6

−1 (21)

−8–7

−7 (21)

−14–1

<0.01*

0.83

0.15

Arm pain, maximum, VAS, mean (SD)

11 (27)

2–19

15 (25)

6–23

13 (29)

3–22

−6 (21)

−13–1

5 (24)

−2–12

7 (22)

0–14

−7 (32)

−18–4

−2 (26)

−11–7

−6 (19)

−13–1

<0.01*

0.13

0.13

Arm pain, minimum, VAS, mean (SD)

5 (13)

1–9

2 (15)

−3–7

4 (14)

−1–7

−4 (13)

−8–0

0 (13)

−4–4

2 (13)

−2–6

−5 (22)

−13–3

−2 (14)

−7–3

−6 (16)

−12–1

<0.001*

0.88

0.18

Arm bother-someness, VAS, mean (SD)

6 (26)

−2–15

6 (29)

−3–16

6 (29)

−3–16

1 (22)

−6–7

8 (24)

1–15

6 (25)

−1–14

−4 (25)

−12–5

−3 (29)

−13–7

−5 (23)

−13–3

0.03*

0.30

0.22

  1. All change scores are compared with the baseline value. Positive values denote improvement. NSE = Neck-specific exercise, NSEB = Neck-specific exercise with a behavioural approach, PPA = Prescription of physical activity, CI = confidence interval, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale 0-100 mm, SD = Standard deviation. Results were calculated with linear mixed models. *Bonferroni-post-hoc calculations significant values between groups: NSE-PPA: all pain values p < 0.01, bothersomeness p = 0.03, NSEB-PPA current arm pain p = 0.02, NSE-NSEB no differences. Analysed with LMM, all participants included (n = 171).
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