Table 4 Clinical signs and frequency of arm pain/paraesthesia bothersomeness, Odds ratios from baseline to 12 months.

From: Neck-specific exercise for radiating pain and neurological deficits in chronic whiplash, a 1-year follow-up of a randomised clinical trial

 

NSE to PPA

NSEB to PPA

NSE to NSEB

Group

Time

Interaction

B (Std error)

OR (95%CI)

P-value

B (Std error)

OR (95%CI)

P-value

B (Std error)

OR (95%CI)

P-value

Strength, normal

1.2 (0.5)

0.3 (0.1–0.7)

<0.01*

1.2 (0.5)

0.3 (0.1–0.7)

<0.01*

0.3 (0.3)

0.8 (0.4–1.4)

0.42

<0.01*

<0.01a

0.5

Sensibility, normal

0.8 (0.5)

0.4 (0.2–1.2)

0.09

0.9 (0.5)

0.4 (0.2–1.0)

0.06

0.1 (0.4)

1.1 (0.5–2.5)

0.81

0.45

<0.01a

0.04*

Reflexes, normal

0.04 (0.3)

1.0 (0.6–1.9)

0.89

0.2 (0.3)

0.8 (0.5–1.5)

0.56

0.2 (0.3)

1.2 (0.7–2.2)

0.53

0.74

<0.01b

0.13

ULNT-A nonprov

0.5 (0.3)

1.6 (0.9–2.8)

0.09

0.7 (0.3)

2.0 (1.1-3-7)

0.02*

−0.2 (0.3)

0.8 (0.5–1.3)

0.38

0.06

0.01a

0.38

Freq arm pain

0.6 (0.4)

1.8 (0.9–3.7)

0.09

0.2 (0.3)

1.2 (0.6–2.3)

0.56

0.4 (0.4)

1.5 (0.8–2.9)

0.25

0.41

0.92

<0.01*

Freq Bothers

0.7 (0.3)

0.5 (0.3–1.0)

0.05*

0.5 (0.3)

0.6 (0.3–1.2)

0.16

−0.1 (0.4)

0.9 (0.4–1.8)

0.71

0.26

0.68

0.09

No min arm pain

1.1 (0.5)

3.1 (1.3–7.6)

0.01*

1.3 (0.5)

3.8 (1.5–9.2)

<0.01*

−0.2 (0.43)

0.8 (0.4–1.9)

0.65

0.27

0.51

<0.01*

  1. *Denotes significant values, a = significant at 6 and 12 months, b = significant at 12 months only, B = unstandardized Beta, OR = Odds ratios, CI = Confidence Interval, NSE = Neck-specific exercise, NSEB = Neck-specific exercise with a behavioural approach, PPA = Prescription of physical activity, ULNT = Upper limb neural tension test, nonprov = non-provocative, Freq= frequency, Bothers= bothersomeness, min= minimum. Analysed with GEE. All participants included, n = 171.
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