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Figure 1

From: Urban Particles Elevated Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilms, Colonization of the Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells, Mouse Nasopharynx and Transit to the Middle Ear and Lungs

Figure 1

Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 growth in metal ion free medium in the presence of urban particles. (a) Time dependent plankton growth of S. pneumoniae detected by measuring optical density at 600 nm. (b) Metabolically active bacteria in 48 hr grown plankton cells detected by resazurin staining. (c) Cfu counts of 48 hr grown plankton bacteria. (d) In vitro biofilm (48 hr grown) biomass detected by the CV-microplate assay. (e) Metabolically active cells within 48 hr of biofilm detected by resazurin staining. (f) Viable bacteria within 48 hr of grown biofilm detected by cfu counts. The error bars represent the standard deviation from the mean value. The statistical significances were calculated using the student’s t test, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

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