Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with or without acute kidney disease.

From: The Clinical Course of Acute Kidney Disease after Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study

 

No AKI

(n = 2749)

AKI+/AKD−

(n = 453)

AKD+

(n = 403)

P value

Age (years)

70.2 ± 10.9

72.2 ± 9.8

72.3 ± 11.3

<0.001

Male (n, %)

1717 (62.5%)

332 (73.3%)

260 (64.5%)

<0.001

Diabetes mellitus (n, %)

1080 (39.3%)

184 (40.6%)

156 (38.7%)

0.83

Hypertension (n, %)

2065 (75.1%)

321 (70.9%)

249 (61.8%)

<0.001

Baseline serum creatinine value (mg/dL)

0.9 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.5

1.1 ± 0.8

<0.001

Baseline eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

72.5 ± 34.3

57.5 ± 33.1

62.2 ± 38.0

<0.001

CKD (n, %)*

1080 (39.3%)

263 (58.1%)

202 (50.1%)

<0.001

Type of cardiac surgery (n, %)

   

<0.001

    CABG

1191 (43.3%)

170 (37.5%)

191 (47.4%)

 

    Valve

1296 (47.1%)

216 (47.7%)

162 (40.2%)

 

    CABG + Valve

262 (9.5%)

67 (14.8%)

50 (12.4%)

 

  Cardio-pulmonary bypass (n, %)

2112 (76.8%)

385 (85%)

309 (76.7%)

<0.001

  Non-elective surgery (n, %)

724 (26.3%)

178 (39.3%)

250 (62.0%)

<0.001

AKI (n, %) **

   

<0.001

  No AKI

2749 (100%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

  Transient AKI

0 (0%)

400 (88.3%)

251 (62.3%)

 

  Persistent AKI

0 (0%)

53 (11.7%)

152 (37.7%)

 
  1. AKD, acute kidney disease; AKI, acute kidney injury; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
  2. *CKD was defined as the baseline eGFR (the most recent eGFR before cardiac surgery) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
  3. **AKI was defined as serum creatinine value elevated to ≥0.3 mg/dL or 1.5 times higher than the baseline serum creatinine value (i.e., the most recent serum creatinine value before cardiac surgery) within seven days after ICU admission. AKI was further divided into transient AKI (persisting for less than three days) and persistent AKI (persisting for three days or longer but less than 7).
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