Table 3 Distribution of continuous variables between yoga and non-yoga treatment groups at baseline and follow up.
Variables | Group | Baseline values, mean ± SE (95% CI) | Follow up values. mean ± SE (95% CI) | Mean change from baseline mean ± SE (95% CI) | Within study groups | Between study groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage change from baseline (95% CI) | Test statistics | Test statistics | Partial eta squared | ||||||
P value | F | P value | |||||||
A1c (%) | Yoga-group | 7.40 ± 1.30 (7.03–7.77) | 6.90 ± 1.29 (6.53–7.27) | −0.50 ± 1.49 (−0.15 to −0.85) | −5.03 (−9.64 to −0.42) | 0.002 | 19.18 | ≤0.001 | 0.120 |
Non-yoga group | 7.75 ± 1.88 | 8.05 ± 1.94 | 0.30 ± 2.99 | 10.66 (1.26 to 20.1) | 0.396 | ||||
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dl | Yoga-group | 100.27 ± 24.72 (93.02–107.52) | 89.00 ± 10.14 (81.75–96.25) | −11.27 ± 22.91 (−16.62 to −5.93) | −8.00 (−11.7 to −4.29) | <0.0001 | 48.69 | ≤0.001 | 0.259 |
Non-yoga group | 114.66 ± 45.04 (107.41–121.91) | 126.33 ± 41.03 (115.66–130.91) | 11.15 ± 56.53 (−3.62 to 25.89) | 18.31(5.91 to 30.7) | 0.019 | ||||
Postprandial plasma glucose, mg/dl | Yoga-group | 175.20 ± 46.87 (162.25–188.16) | 149.70 ± 30.46 (136.74–162.66) | −25.51 ± 40.01 (−34.84 to −16.17) | −11.44 (−15.7 to −7.2) | <0.0001 | 49.25 | ≤0.001 | 0.262 |
Non-yoga group | 197.26 ± 67.76 | 212.53 ± 73.44 | 14.63 ± 117.23 | 19.82 (4.02 to 35.6) | 0.249 | ||||
Weight, Kg | Yoga-group | 68.82 ± 27.18 (66.33–71.29) | 65.90 ± 10.28 (63.50–68.30) | −2.90 ± 2.37 (−3.46 to −2.36) | −4.18 (−4.96 to −3.39) | <0.0001 | 29.96 | ≤0.001 | 0.176 |
Non-yoga group | 65.82 ± 12.36 | 67.33 ± 11.82 | 1.51 ± 6.07 | 2.30 (−0.23 to 4.83) | <0.0001 | ||||
BMI, Kg/m2 | Yoga-group | 27.18 ± 4.07 (26.25–28.27) | 26.02 ± 0.51 (25.02–27.02) | −1.14 ± 1.20 (−1.44 to −0.92) | −4.04 (−5.01 to −3.05) | <0.0001 | 29.01 | ≤0.001 | 0.172 |
Non-yoga group | 26.16 ± 5.06 (25.12–27.13) | 26.92 ± 4.33 (25.79–27.88) | 0.76 ± 2.67 (0.04 to 1.39) | 4.06 (1.15 to 6.97) | 0.002 | ||||
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | Yoga-group | 126.07 ± 13.78 (119.65–125.12) | 120.77 ± 10.55 (118.03 − 123.50) | −5.30 ± 17.97 (−9.50 to −1.11) | −−3.02 (−6.22 to 0.18) | 0.026 | 57.94 | ≤0.001 | 0.293 |
Non-yoga group | 130.44 ± 16.05 (128.39 − 133.86) | 135.11 ± 11.88 (132.34-138.05) | 4.67 ± 18.86 | 5.19 (1.38 to 9) | 0.083 | ||||
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | Yoga-group | 80.66 ± 9.30 (78.54-82.77) | 76.08 ± 7.28 (73.97-78.20) | 4.57 ± 10.51 | −4.60 (−7.59 to −1.61) | 0.001 | 40.76 | ≤0.001 | 0.225 |
Non-yoga group | 84.52 ± 10.11 (82.40 −86.64) | 86.23 ± 9.86 (83.72-88.13) | 1.71 ± 13.33 (−2.17 to 4.46) | 2.94 (−0.93 to 6.81) | |||||
Total Cholesterol, mg/dl | Yoga-group | 177.71 ± 27.94 (170.60-184.82) | 174.77 ± 26.87 (167.66-181.88) | −2.94 ± 33.88 (−10.85 to 4.96) | −1.49 (−2.27 to −0.708) | 0.439 | 6.40 | 0.012 | 0.044 |
Non-yoga group | 176.36 ± 34.11 (169.25-183.47) | 185.26 ± 28.88 (181.31-196.26) | 8.90 ± 43.30 (−0.63 to 25.69) | 5.05 (2.76 to 7.34) | 0.055 | ||||
LDL Cholesterol, mg/dl | Yoga-group | 103.55 ± 26.53 (96.74-110.36) | 98.96 ± 25.42 (92.15-105.77) | −4.59 ± 33.22 (−12.34 to 3.16) | −1.03 (7.42 to 9.48) | 0.312 | 4.56 | 0.035 | 0.032 |
Non-yoga group | 102.15 ± 32.69 (95.30-109.01) | 108.54 ± 32.09 (102.01-116.22) | 6.22 ± 48.55 (−4.44 to 20.24) | 18.81 (5.71 to 31.9) | 0.141 | ||||
HDL Cholesterol, mg/dl | Yoga-group | 45.24 ± 1.72 (44.62-45.86) | 44.54 ± 1.92 (43.92-45.16) | −0.70 ± 1.91 (−1.15 to −0.26) | −1.49 (−2.44 to −0.536) | 0.013 | 11.11 | 0.001 | 0.074 |
Non-yoga group | 45.30 ± 0.32 | 42.79 ± 3.96 | −2.51 ± 5.11 | −4.72 (−7.33 to −2.11) | <0.0001 | ||||
Triglycerides, mg/dl | Yoga-group | 144.59 ± 28.68 (134.25-154.93) | 156.33 ± 32.05 (145.99 −166.66) | 11.74 ± 31.79 (4.32 to 19.16) | 31.94 (23.1 to 40.8) | 0.010 | 27.08 | ≤0.001 | 0.016 |
Non-yoga group | 143.69 ± 43.96 (133.29-154.10) | 211.39 ± 83.81 (174.36-195.94) | 67.70 ± 93.95 (20.38 to 62.86) | 59.01 (41 to 77) | <0.0001 |
