Table 3 Association between albumin-corrected serum calcium level and the risk of all-cause mortality (n = 2869).

From: Increased Risk of Infection-Related and All-Cause Death in Hypercalcemic Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: The Q-Cohort Study

Models

Unadjusted model

P for trend

Model 1

P for trend

Model 2

P for trend

HR (95% CI)

P-value

HR (95% CI)

P-value

HR (95% CI)

P-value

Groups divided by the albumin-corrected serum calcium level at baseline

         

G1; 5.7–8.9 (mg/dL)

1 (reference)

  

1 (reference)

  

1 (reference)

  

G2; 9.0–9.4 (mg/dL)

0.99 (0.76–1.30)

0.97

<0.001

1.04 (0.80–1.36)

0.76

<0.001

1.12 (0.85–1.47)

0.41

<0.001

G3; 9.5–9.9 (mg/dL)

1.24 (0.96–1.60)

0.10

 

1.38 (1.06–1.78)

0.02

 

1.53 (1.17–1.99)

0.002

 

G4; 10.0–16.5 (mg/dL)

1.50 (1.17–1.93)

0.002

 

1.80 (1.39–2.32)

<0.001

 

1.94 (1.48–2.55)

<0.001

 

Every 1 mg/dL increase in albumin-corrected serum calcium level

1.26 (1.12–1.41)

<0.001

 

1.33 (1.19–1.49)

<0.001

 

1.32 (1.18–1.48)

<0.001

 
  1. Serum calcium level was adjusted for serum albumin level using Payne’s formula as follows: albumin-corrected serum calcium level = serum calcium level (mg/dL) + 4 − serum albumin level (g/dL), when the serum albumin level was below 4 g/dL. The risk estimates are expressed as HR (95% CI). The HRs were estimated by the Cox proportional hazard risk model using a conventional approach. The following covariates were included in each model: Model 1, age, sex; Model 2, covariates in Model 1 and presence of diabetic nephropathy, dialysis vintage, dialysis time per session, dialysate calcium concentration, KT/V for urea, normalized protein catabolic rate, systolic blood pressure, cardiothoracic rate, blood hemoglobin, serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone, and use of vitamin D receptor activators and calcium-based phosphate-binders. A two-tailed P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio.
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