Figure 1
From: Climatic and societal impacts of a “forgotten” cluster of volcanic eruptions in 1108-1110 CE
(a) Monthly-resolved non-sea-salt sulfur records from the NEEM-2011-S1, NGRIP and the WDC06A ice cores6 and (b) brightness of the total lunar eclipses observed in Europe for the period 1100–1122 CE. Dark total eclipses of the Moon indicate high atmospheric turbidity; while a reddish disk shown by the eclipsed Moon betrays a clear stratosphere.
