Table 2 Incidence rates of vitiligo according to smoking status.

From: Association between vitiligo and smoking: A nationwide population-based study in Korea

Subgroup

Smoking status

Number

Vitiligo

Person-years

Incidence rate

(per 10,000 person-years)

HR(95%C.I)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Total

Non

14,345,458

16,515

62,819,781.13

2.63

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

Ex

3,042,684

3,003

13,438,871.66

2.23

0.83(0.79–0.86)

1(0.95–1.05)

1(0.95–1.05)

Current

5,603,499

3,293

24,374,473.09

1.35

0.56(0.54–0.59)

0.68(0.64–0.71)

0.69(0.65–0.72)

Male

Non

3,615,580

3,399

16,007,707.47

2.12

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

Ex

2,830,044

2,781

12,572,432.85

2.21

1.01(0.95–1.06)

1(0.95–1.06)

1(0.95–1.06)

Current

5,149,573

2,905

22,525,419.59

1.29

0.65(0.62–0.69)

0.66(0.62–0.69)

0.67(0.63–0.71)

Female

Non

10,729,878

13,116

46,812,073.66

2.80

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

Ex

212,640

222

866,438.81

2.56

1.03(0.89–1.19)

1.03(0.89–1.18)

1.03(0.89–1.18)

Current

453,926

388

1,849,053.5

2.10

0.79(0.71–0.88)

0.79(0.71–0.88)

0.79(0.7–0.88)

20–39

Non

3,684,294

2,860

15,877,168.48

1.80

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

Ex

672,772

491

3,017,749.1

1.63

0.9(0.81–1)

0.95(0.85–1.06)

0.96(0.86–1.08)

Current

2,321,427

1,170

10,239,014.55

1.14

0.63(0.59–0.68)

0.68(0.62–0.74)

0.69(0.63–0.75)

40–64

Non

8,309,359

10,707

36,527,675.57

2.93

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

Ex

1,903,257

1,952

8,411,829.96

2.32

0.78(0.74–0.82)

1.01(0.94–1.07)

1.01(0.95–1.08)

Current

2,898,057

1,818

12,483,012.69

1.46

0.52(0.5–0.55)

0.67(0.63–0.71)

0.67(0.63–0.71)

65-

Non

2,351,805

2,948

10,414,937.08

2.83

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

Ex

466,655

560

2,009,292.61

2.79

0.96(0.87–1.05)

1.1(0.98–1.23)

1.1(0.98–1.24)

Current

384,015

305

1,652,445.85

1.85

0.63(0.56–0.71)

0.71(0.62–0.82)

0.75(0.65–0.86)

  1. Model 1 Not adjusted with setting an age timescale
  2. Model 2 Adjusted by baseline age and sex with setting an age timescale.
  3. Model 3 Adjusted by baseline age, sex, regular exercise, drinking status, BMI, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, history of stroke, and history of myocardial infarction with setting an age timescale.
  4. Hazard ratios for vitiligo development in ex-smokers and current smokers were obtained with reference to never-smokers. An age timescale was used in Model 1, 2, and 3. Subgroup analyses were evaluated by sex and age group.
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