Table 2 Canonical pathways activated (z-score ≥2) and inhibited (z-score ≤ −2) generated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) in comparisons of the early and middle stages and late and middle stages.

From: Long-term high-grain diet alters ruminal pH, fermentation, and epithelial transcriptomes, leading to restored mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in Japanese Black cattle

Canonical Pathways

-log(p-value)

zScorea

Ratio

Molecules

Middle vs. Early stages

iNOS Signaling

2.10

−2.00

0.133

FOS, IFNGR1, IFNGR2, CALML5, JAK1, LBP

CCR5 Signaling in Macrophages

1.93

−2.00

0.096

GNAI1, FOS, GNG5, CCL5, CD3G, GNG7, CALML5, GNB1, CACNG1

IL-22 Signaling

1.87

−2.00

0.167

IL10RB, AKT1, IL22RA1, JAK1

NRF2-mediated Oxidative Stress Response

3.39

−2.11

0.094

SQSTM1, ABCC4, AKT1, UBE2E3, NQO2, HSPB8, MAP2K1, PPIB, FOS, AKR7A2, SOD2, CCT7, ACTB, PTPN11, CAT, EPHX1, AKR1A1, VCP, HERPUD1

Insulin Receptor Signaling

1.51

−2.11

0.075

AKT1, PTPN11, PPP1R12A, PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PRKAR1B, JAK1, SCNN1A, MAP2K1, SYNJ1, PPP1R11

Oxidative Phosphorylation

2.43

−3.32

0.101

SDHB, UQCRC1, NDUFA9, SDHA, NDUFV3, NDUFS6, ATPAF1, ATP5F1C, ATP5F1B, SDHC, NDUFS1

Late vs. Middle stages

    

Oxidative Phosphorylation

2.18

2.50

0.119

COX11, UQCRC1, SDHA, NDUFV3, NDUFAB1, NDUFS1, SDHB, UQCRQ, ATP5PO, NDUFA6, ATPAF1, ATP5F1C, SDHC

Role of p14/p19ARF in Tumor Suppression

1.46

2.45

0.133

SENP3, FGFR1, UBTF, PTPN11, MDM2, TTF1

Endocannabinoid Cancer Inhibition Pathway

1.57

2.32

0.095

MAP2K5, GNAI1, FGFR1, SMPD2, MAP2K1, RHOA, PTPN11, CREB3, SPTLC1, TWIST2, PRKAR1B, DDIT3, VEGFB, CASP8, PRKAR2A

  1. aValues indicate a statistically significant match between up- and down-regulation patterns.