Table 1 Demographics of participants.

Age (years)

37.49 ± 11.14

26.03 ± 6.45

37.51 ± 12.3

32.269

0.000

Sex (Males, %)

37/39

40/38

42/33

0.831

0.660

Education (years)

9.67 ± 3.84

10.01 ± 3.18

12.51 ± 3.85

13.735

0.001

Smoking (yes,%)

27/49

28/50

33/42

1.466

0.481

Age of onset (years)

23.99 ± 8.46

24.29 ± 5.27

0.270

0.787

Duration of illness (years)

13.50 ± 9.84

1.73 ± 2.20

10.182

0.000

family history of mental illness(yes,%)

16(21.05)

17(21.79)

0.013

0.911

PANSS Total Score

78.88 ± 6.52

79.09 ± 5.04

0.221

0.825

Positive subscore

23.91 ± 5.82

24.24 ± 8.47

0.287

0.774

Negative subscore

24.07 ± 6.48

21.42 ± 8.03

−2.251

0.026

General subscore

30.91 ± 6.61

33.42 ± 3.59

2.924

0.004

Cognitive subscore

12.12 ± 2.82

11.37 ± 3.77

−1.393

0.166

Atypical antipsychotics alone (n,%)

Aripiprazole

8(10.53)

Amisulpride

7(9.21)

Clozapine

5(6.58)

Olanzapine

9(11.84)

Risperidone

11(14.47)

Quetiapine

10(13.16)

Ziprasidone

7(9.21)

A combination of antipsychotics (n,%)

Clozapine-risperidone combination

7(9.21)

Clozapine-aripiprazole combination

6(7.89)

Clozapine-quetiapine combination

6(7.89)

chlorpromazine equivalent (mg/day) 

492.87 ± 203.89