Figure 2

Adaptation effects decomposed into three factors. (A) Amplitude in each subject and group. A larger value indicates a larger adaptation effect. Each dot indicates the amplitude for each subject, and each bar shows the mean amplitude in each group. * and ** indicate significant differences with p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively (Tukey’s post hoc test following one-way ANOVA). (B) Cosine function of the phase for each subject and group. A larger value indicates a smaller phase value, which indicates a similar adaptation curve to the applied perturbation pattern. (C) Delay in each subject and group. A larger value indicates a longer delayed response to the applied perturbation. (D) Typical adaptation curves in the PD subjects whose amplitude was the largest, the second largest, the third largest (magenta solid lines), the third smallest, the second smallest, and the smallest (cyan solid lines). (E) Typical adaptation curves of the PD patients regarding the cosine function of the phase. (F) Typical adaptation curves of the PD patients regarding delays.